Behrang Barekatain

GREENIE: a novel hybrid routing protocol for efficient video streaming over wireless mesh networks

In recent years, video streaming over wireless mesh networks (WMNs) has been of great interest among the users. In WMNs, although node mobility and scalability are the two most important well-known advantages by end-users, they can decrease the perceived video quality on receivers with increasing the probability of path failure, especially when the number of mobile mesh nodes and their mobility speeds increase. Therefore, the necessity of employing an efficient routing protocol to consider the effects of node mobility is inevitable. Moreover, the interference can be sharply increased, especially on the gateways, when there are many mobile mesh nodes in a WMN. Interference does not permit the system to support many STA and mobile mesh nodes. In order to cope with these challenges, this study introduces and evaluates a g ood hybrid r outing protocol for data dissemination which e fficiently and e ffectively routes packets in a wireless mesh n etwork and i ntelligently e mploys proactive and reactive routing protocols based on the node mobility (GREENIE) for efficient video streaming over WMNs and extensively compares it with other routing protocols including hybrid wireless mesh protocol, proactive, reactive, and spanning trees using OMNET++ simulator. GREENIE intelligently distinguishes mobile from static nodes and selects the most stable path between a source and a destination which leads to higher perceived video quality on receivers. The results show the impact of GREENIE on the perceived video quality so that it considerably outperforms other routing protocols in terms of the total number of successfully received packets, the end-to-end delay, and the imposed routing overhead on the system. One of the main advantages of GREENIE is that it performs routing in the medium access control layer without applying any change in the functions of the internet protocol layer.

MATIN: a random network coding based framework for high quality peer-to-peer live video streaming.

In recent years, Random Network Coding (RNC) has emerged as a promising solution for efficient Peer-to-Peer (P2P) video multicasting over the Internet. This probably refers to this fact that RNC noticeably increases the error resiliency and throughput of the network. However, high transmission overhead arising from sending large coefficients vector as header has been the most important challenge of the RNC. Moreover, due to employing the Gauss-Jordan elimination method, considerable computational complexity can be imposed on peers in decoding the encoded blocks and checking linear dependency among the coefficients vectors. In order to address these challenges, this study introduces MATIN which is a random network coding based framework for efficient P2P video streaming. The MATIN includes a novel coefficients matrix generation method so that there is no linear dependency in the generated coefficients matrix. Using the proposed framework, each peer encapsulates one instead of n coefficients entries into the generated encoded packet which results in very low transmission overhead. It is also possible to obtain the inverted coefficients matrix using a bit number of simple arithmetic operations. In this regard, peers sustain very low computational complexities. As a result, the MATIN permits random network coding to be more efficient in P2P video streaming systems. The results obtained from simulation using OMNET++ show that it substantially outperforms the RNC which uses the Gauss-Jordan elimination method by providing better video quality on peers in terms of the four important performance metrics including video distortion, dependency distortion, End-to-End delay and Initial Startup delay.

Efficient P2P Live Video Streaming Over Hybrid WMNs Using Random Network Coding

As random network coding (RNC) considerably increases the network throughput, it has been of great interest for video streaming over wireless mesh networks (WMNs). However, mobile video users suffer from high transmission overhead due to the transmission of large coefficient vectors as headers and an excessive imposed decoding computational complexity due to using the Gauss–Jordan elimination method in RNC. This complexity cannot be supported by the embedded mobile processors. To overcome these limitations, this study analyses the impact of applying a method that simplifies RNC requirements on WMNs. This method is based on the generation of a full rank coefficients matrix without any linear dependency among its vectors. Nodes encapsulate one instead of

Network coding efficiency in live video streaming over Peer-to-Peer Mesh networks

n

An Enhanced Energy-Aware Cluster-Based Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

n coefficients entries into a packet which leads to very low transmission overhead. Receivers can obtain the inverted coefficients matrix by performing very few arithmetic operations. Consequently, wireless nodes experience very low decoding computational complexity eliminating the need for powerful processors and high battery energy sources. The wireless medium is also less occupied and the transmission processes are shorter. Simulation results in the OMNeT++ framework depict that the applied method provides high video quality on the nodes by addressing the mentioned challenges, even if high mobility rates exist in the WMN.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Loss Recovery Schemes in Peer-to-Peer Live Video Streaming over WMNs

Summary Because video streaming over mobile handheld devices has been of great interest, the necessity of introducing new methods with low implementation cost and scalable infrastructures is a strong demand of the service. In particular, these requirements are present in popular wireless networks such as wireless mesh networks (WMN). Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks promise an efficient scalable network infrastructure for video streaming over wired and wireless networks. Limited resources of the peers in P2P networks and high error rate in wireless channels make it more challenging to run P2P streaming applications over WMNs. Therefore, it is necessary to design efficient and improved error protection methods in P2P video streaming applications over WMNs. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive unequal video protection method specially intended for large scale P2P video streaming over mobile WMNs. Using this method, different frames have different priorities in receivers along the recovery process. Moreover, we precisely and completely evaluate different aspects related to frame protection in these networks using five important performance metrics including video distortion, late arrival distortion, end-to-end delay, overhead and initial start-up delay. The results obtained from a precise simulation in OMNeT++ show that the proposed adaptive method significantly outperforms other solutions by providing better video quality on mobile wireless nodes. Copyright

Promoting Wired Links in Wireless Mesh Networks: An Efficient Engineering Solution

In the recent years, video and audio streaming have been very popular in the Internet and accounts for excessive traffic not only in the Internet, but also in many private networks. Transferring this amount of traffic needs both reliable and high performance infrastructure as well as efficient approaches to increase bandwidth utilization. Real-time playback deadline and robustness under high peer churning1 are two important constraints in live video streaming, which can reduce the video quality. Moreover, reliable, flexible and scalable network infrastructures need to be considered, while there are many mobile users who move in the network repeatedly. Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) provide this requirement infrastructure. However, routing and forwarding high traffic streams in underlying networks impose high expense due to high-priced devices, routing and forwarding protocols. Overlay network which builds on top of the underlying networks can address these problems. P2P (Peer-to-Peer) live video streaming, WMNs and Network Coding (NC) are three important terms in this paper, which will be described and we show how NC can improve live video streaming quality over WMNs with time-varying channels and P2P networks. Our results show that using NC can reduce jitter delay as well as increase frame diversity and localization, bandwidth utilization and scalability of the network.

Comparison on Energy-efficient Cluster Based Routing Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Network

P2P video streaming over WMN includes different multimedia applications such as IPTV, video surveillance and video conferencing. It also introduces some challenges such as required level of QoS. Packet loss recovery methods can improve the experienced amount of QoS which leads to better video quality on peers. Although ARQ and FEC methods have been used in many video streaming applications, they are unable to provide enough level of QoS in P2P video streaming over WMN. Hybrid methods improve the performances of packet loss recovery schemes. But they do not carefully consider the characteristics of the source and the destination nodes, thus are not suitable for P2P video streaming over WMN. Therefore, in this study, an adaptive packet loss recovery method is proposed to select the loss recovery policy according to the source and the destination characteristics and loss probability of communication.