Ben Gray

Impact of single and multiple sets of resistance exercise in type 1 diabetes

To examine glycemic and glucoregulatory responses to resistance exercise (RE) sessions of different volume in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Eight T1DM (seven males: one female; age: 38 ± 6 years, HbA1C: 8.7 ± 1.0%/71 ± 11 mmol/mol) attended the research facility fasted and on four separate occasions, having taken their usual basal insulin, but omitted morning rapid‐acting insulin. Participants completed a 1SET (14 min), 2SET (28 min), 3SET (42 min) RE session (eight exercises × 10 repetitions) at 67 ± 3% one‐repetition‐maximum followed by 60‐min recovery, or a resting trial (CON). Venous blood samples were taken before and after exercise. Data (mean ± SEM) were analyzed using repeated‐measures analysis of variance (P ≤ 0.05). RE did not induce hypoglycemia (BG < 4 mmol/L). During recovery, blood glucose (BG) concentrations remained above pre‐exercise after 1SET (15–60 min, P < 0.05) and 2SET (0–60 min, P < 0.05) but comparable (P > 0.05) with pre‐exercise after 3SET. BGIAUC(area‐under‐curve) (mmol/L/60 min) was greater after 1SET and 2SET vs CON (1SET 103.6 ± 36.9 and 2SET 128.7 ± 26.1 vs CON −24.3 ± 15.2, P < 0.05), but similar between 3SET and CON (3SET 40.7 ± 59.3, P > 0.05). Under all trials, plasma creatine kinase levels at 24 h post‐exercise were similar (P > 0.05) to pre‐exercise. RE does not induce acute hypoglycemia or damage muscle. BG progressively rose after one and two sets of RE. However, inclusion of a third set attenuated exercise‐induced hyperglycemia and returned BG to that of a non‐exercise trial.

Algorithm that delivers an individualized rapid-acting insulin dose after morning resistance exercise counters post-exercise hyperglycaemia in people with Type 1 diabetes.

To develop an algorithm that delivers an individualized dose of rapid‐acting insulin after morning resistance exercise to counter post‐exercise hyperglycaemia in individuals with Type 1 diabetes.

Similar magnitude of post‐exercise hyperglycemia despite manipulating resistance exercise intensity in type 1 diabetes individuals

The aim of this study was to compare the glycemic and glucoregulatory hormone responses to low‐ and moderate‐intensity morning resistance exercise (RE) sessions in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Following maximal strength assessments (1RM), eight T1DM (HbA1C:72 ± 12 mmol/mol, age:34 ± 7 years, body mass index:25.7 ± 1.6 kg/m2) participants attended the research facility on two separate occasions, having fasted and taken their usual basal insulin but omitting rapid‐acting insulin. Participants performed six exercises for two sets of 20 repetitions at 30%1RM during one session [low‐intensity RE session (LOW)] and two sets of 10 repetitions at 60%1RM during another session [moderate‐intensity RE session (MOD)], followed by 65‐min recovery. Sessions were matched for total mass lifted (kg). Venous blood samples were taken before and after exercise. Data (mean ± SEM) were analyzed using analysis of variance (P ≤ 0.05). There were no hypoglycemic occurrences throughout the study. Blood glucose rose similarly between sessions during exercise (P = 0.382), remaining comparable between sessions throughout recovery (P > 0.05). There was no effect of RE intensity on metabolic acidosis (P > 0.05) or peak growth hormone responses (P = 0.644), but a tendency for greater catecholamine responses under LOW (individualized peak concentrations: adrenaline MOD 0.55 ± 0.13 vs LOW 1.04 ± 0.37 nmol/L, P = 0.155; noradrenaline MOD 4.59 ± 0.86 vs LOW 7.11 ± 1.82 nmol/L, P = 0.082). The magnitude of post‐exercise hyperglycemia does not differ between equal volume low and moderate intensity RE sessions performed in the morning.

Reductions in resistance exercise-induced hyperglycaemic episodes are associated with circulating interleukin-6 in Type 1 diabetes

To determine the influence of different volumes of resistance exercise on circulating interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and to explore the relationships between IL‐6 and glycaemia.

Syncope during resistance exercise in an individual with type 1 diabetes

Although metabolic and cardiovascular effects of resistance exercise in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) remain poorly explored, research employing type 2 diabetes suggests glycaemic and cardiovascular benefits. However, this intense exercise carries some risks.