Ben-Hur Ferraz-Neto

Liver transplant outcome: a comparison between high and low MELD score recipients

OBJECTIVE To compare low and high MELD scores and investigate whether existing renal dysfunction has an effect on transplant outcome. METHODS Data was prospectively collected among 237 liver transplants (216 patients) between March 2003 and March 2009. Patients with cirrhotic disease submitted to transplantation were divided into three groups: MELD > or = 30, MELD < 30, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Renal failure was defined as a +/- 25% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate as observed 1 week after the transplant. Median MELD scores were 35, 21, and 13 for groups MELD > or = 30, MELD < 30, and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. RESULTS Recipients with MELD > or = 30 had more days in Intensive Care Unit, longer hospital stay, and received more blood product transfusions. Moreover, their renal function improved after liver transplant. All other groups presented with impairment of renal function. Mortality was similar in all groups, but renal function was the most important variable associated with morbidity and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION High MELD score recipients had an improvement in the glomerular filtration rate after 1 week of liver transplantation.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence Among Liver Transplant Recipients Within the Milan Criteria

INTRODUCTION Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is an excellent option for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Milan criteria. Recurrence of HCC has a severe impact on post-OLT survival. In this study, we performed an analysis of post-OLT recurrence pattern of HCC. METHODS The prospective cohort of OLT patients included those with unresectable HCC within the Milan criteria, and those beyond the Milan criteria who were downstaged with transcatheter arterial embolization until they achieved the Milan criteria. RESULTS Between May 2006 and May 2011, we performed 130 OLT for unresectable HCC within the Milan Criteria among whom 9 patients (6.9%) experienced tumor recurrence. Two (22.2%) had undergone preoperative downstaging. At the time of OLT, mean serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were 623.8 ± 682.9 ng/mL. The liver explants showed 7 (77.8%) subjects were within the Milan criteria, with an average 2.6 ± 2.2 tumors, most of which (89%) were moderately differentiated. Microvascular and macrovascular invasion were observed in 5 (55.6%) and 2 (22.2%) cases, respectively. Liver explants were beyond the Milan criteria in both patients who had undergone preoperative downstaging. Recurrence occurred 23.1 ± 14.3 months after OLT, having been detected in the liver (n = 3; 33.3%), lung (n = 3; 33.3%), brain, peritoneum, and adrenal gland (n = 1 each; 11.1% each). Mean survival after detection of recurrence was 137.4 ± 96.4 days. CONCLUSIONS Despite strict candidate selection criteria, HCC recurrence may occur after OLT, bearing a significant impact on posttransplant outcomes to optimize results requires refinements in candidate selection, as well as well-defined cost-effective post-OLT surveillance protocols.

Clinical Profile and Liver Explant Findings in Patients With and Without Pretransplant Downstaging for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

INTRODUCTION Since August 2010, The Brazilian National Transplantation System has allowed performance of liver transplantation (OLT) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond the Milan criteria (MC) who have been successfully treated with preoperative downstaging (DS). Herein we sought to compare the clinical profiles and liver explant findings among patients with versus without preoperative DS. METHODOLOGY Prospective cohort of patients with HCC within and beyond the MC undergoing OLT. Patients were considered for DS if they were beyond the MC without evidence of vascular invasion or extrahepatic disease. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was used for DS, which was considered to be successful if the MC were achieved at any moment during the follow-up. RESULTS Between May 2006 and May 2010, we performed 130 OLTs in HCC patients, among whom 10 received preoperative DS. Both groups were comparable for gender, age, viral etiology, serum levels of alpha fetoprotein, and Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores (P > .05). The liver explants were within the MC in 80% of patients with preoperative DS and 90% of those without preoperative DS. They were comparable for the number of HCC nodules, total tumor size, histologic grade, and presence of microvascular invasion. Patients with pretransplant DS showed larger HCC nodules (33.3 ± 9.65 vs 26.3 ± 9.62 mm; P .029) and more frequent macrovascular invasion (1 vs 1 patient, P = .024). CONCLUSION Preoperative DS for unresectable HCC may provide a curative treatment for patients who would otherwise be candidates for palliative therapy only. The baseline characteristics and liver explant findings were similar in both groups. We have yet to determine whether the differences observed regarding the size of the largest nodule and the higher frequency of macrovascular invasion have an impact on outcome.

Pancreas transplantation: an overview.

Pancreas transplantation is the only treatment able to reestablish normal glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels in insulin-dependent diabetic patients without the use of exogenous insulin. The evolution of pancreas transplantation in treatment of diabetes was determined by advances in the fields of surgical technique, organ preservation and immunosuppressants. The main complication leading to graft loss is technical failure followed by acute or chronic rejection. Technical failure means graft loss within the first three months following transplantation due to vascular thrombosis (50%), pancreatitis (20%), infection (18%), fistula (6.5%) and bleeding (2.4%). Immunological complications still affect 30% of patients, and rejection is the cause of graft loss in 10% of cases. Chronic rejection is the most common late complication. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of late mortality in pancreas transplantation, so it remains the most effective treatment for type 1 diabetes patients. There is a significant improvement in quality of life and in patients survival rates. The development of islet transplantation could eliminate or minimize surgical complications and immunosuppression.