Benjamin L. Hodnett

Regulation of Muscle Blood Flow in Obesity

ABSTRACT

KATP-mediated Vasodilation is Impaired in Obese Zucker Rats

Objective: Skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise is impaired in obesity. We tested the hypothesis that the attenuated vasodilation in skeletal muscle arterioles of obese Zucker rats (OZR) is due to altered KATP channel‐mediated vasodilation.

Attenuated PGI2 Synthesis in Obese Zucker Rats

In obesity, skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise (functional hyperemia) is impaired. We have indirectly demonstrated that an altered arachidonic acid metabolism is responsible for the impaired functional vasodilation in the obese Zucker rat (OZR), a model of obesity. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that there is an impaired release of PGI(2) due to a nitration of PGI(2) synthase (PGIS), which is associated with a decreased prostanoid receptor expression. PGI(2), PGE(2), and thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) release were determined in vitro using ELISA under basal conditions and in response to arachidonic acid (AA) administration (50 microM). Immunofluorescence of PGI(2) and TXA(2) receptors (IP and TP, respectively) was determined in dispersed vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Nitration of tyrosine residues of the PGIS enzyme was determined using immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Following AA administration, PGI(2) and PGE(2) release were attenuated in OZR compared with lean Zucker rats (LZR; controls). Basal and AA-induced TXA(2) release were not significantly different between groups. IP and TP immunofluorescence were not significantly different between OZR and LZR groups. OZR exhibited elevated nitration of tyrosine residues of PGIS compared with LZR. These results suggest that alterations in the PGI(2) pathway (attenuated PGI(2) synthesis), and not the TXA(2) pathway (normal TXA(2) synthesis/no change in TP receptor expression), underlie the attenuated functional hyperemia in the OZR.