Benjamin Rothfeld

MALABSORPTION SYNDROME PRODUCED BY NEOMYCIN.

Summary1. Administration of 12 gm. daily of neomycin for 5 days was followed by an average fecal fat loss of 21 gm. per day. Fecal fat loss became abnormal in 9 of 10 patients.2. When a gluten-free diet was administered with neomycin, average fecal fat loss was indistinguishable from that of control subjects, and only 2 patients showed slight abnormalities of fecal fat.3. Steatorrhea following the administration of neomycin accompanied by prednisone was approximately half as severe as that following neomycin alone.4. In neomycin-induced steatorrhea, I131 triolein measured in blood or feces failed to reflect total fecal fat losses.

Effects of chlordiazepoxide upon fear-motivated behavior in dogs.

Several doses of chlordiazepoxide (45, 100, 200 mg) were administered to dogs while they were subjected to a Sidman nondiscriminated avoidance schedule which contained seven conditioned stimuli-unavoidable shock (CS-US) pairings. The drug reliably reduced baseline response rate and significantly inhibited the amount of urinary cortisol excreted during the experimental sessions. Facilitation of heart, response, and activity rates normally noted during the aversive CS were unaffected by administration of the drug. In addition, over-all heart rate showed no consistent pattern of results in response to drug administration. These results suggest that under this schedule of reinforcement only the baseline response rate and urinary cortisol measures were sensitive to the antianxiety effects of chlordiazepoxide.

Cholesterol synthesis and metabolism as a function of unpredictable shock stimulation

Abstract Rats fed a high lipid diet and also exposed to unavoidable and unpredictable grid shock for 2 and 8 days showed higher levels of accumulated chemical cholesterol in aorta, kidney, liver and serum as compared to control rats fed only the high lipid diet. Thirty days of shock stress produced similar results except that kidney tissue revealed lower and nonsignificant levels of accumulated cholesterol. A differential cholesterol clearing mechanism for the various tissues is postulated to explain the relative vulnerability of aorta, liver and kidney to stress-induced cholesterol deposition.

The effects of environmental stress on cholesterol synthesis and metabolism

Abstract 1. 1. A study was done on the effect of stress on cholesterol deposition in various organs of pair-fed rats. 2. 2. There was an increased amount of cholesterol with aortas, livers, and serum of the stressed animals as compared to the control. 3. 3. There was only a transient elevation in the kidneys of the stressed animals. 4. 4. Evidence is presented that the kidney possesses a better mechanism for clearing cholesterol than the aorta.

Effect of glucagon and stress on cholesterol metabolism and deposition in tissues.

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of glucagon alone and glucagon plus stress on lipid levels in various organs were studied. 2. 2. Stress added to glucagon produced no significant change in cholesterol levels of the kidney, liver, and aorta. There were also no significant changes in the triglyceride levels of liver, aorta and serum. 3. 3. Stress did raise the level of diaphragm and serum cholesterol. 4. 4. Stress lowered kidney and diaphragmatic triglyceride in glucagon treated animals. 5. 5. The significance of these results are discussed.

Studies of the effect of unsaturated fat feeding on cholesterol in the rat

Abstract The effects of saturated fat feeding as contrasted with unsaturated fats were studied in rats. The rats on unsaturated fat had lower serum cholesterol and less cholesterol deposition in the aorta, kidney, and liver than those on saturated fats. The animals on unsaturated fat had less deposition of orally fed 14C-cholesterol and iv Na-Ac in these organs than those on saturated fat. Evidence was adduced that the kidney is more efficient than the aorta in removing cholesterol on saturated fat diets.

The effect of ethanol and high cholesterol diet on tissue lipids

Abstract The effect of moderate amounts of alcohol in rats on a high lipid diet were studied. It was found that alcohol tended to lower the cholesterol in the serum, kidney and liver and raise the triglyceride in the serum and aorta.

Serum arginase concentrations in acute alcoholism

Abstract Serum arginase concentration was measured in 28 acutely intoxicated alcoholic males at the time of admission and one week later. Results were compared to measurement of serum LDH, SGOT, serum bilirubin values and to bromsulphalein retention. In 22 of the 28, serum arginase was significantly elevated, which was as high a percentage of abnormals as with any of the other tests of liver function. Arginase concentrations correlated better with BSP retention than with serum albumin, bilirubin, SGOT or LDH. One surprising finding was that during convalescence serum arginase rose in ten patients. This raised the interesting hypothesis that serum arginase concentrations may be related to repair as well as injury.

Comparison of measurement of fat absorption using I131- and C14-labeled fats

Summary1. The relative validity of C14-labeled fat and I131-labeled fat in measuring fat absorption was checked in subjects with Neomycin-induced mal-absorption syndrome.2. From these studies it would appear that C14 produces a better measurement of fat absorption than I131.

Effects of chlorpromazine on fear-motivated behavior, urinary cortisol, urinary volume and heart rate in the dog.

Several doses of chlorpromazine (6.25, 12.5, 25.0 mg) were administered to dogs while they were subjected to a Sidman nondiscriminated avoidance schedule which contained 7 conditioned stimuli-unavoidable shock (CS-US) pairings. The drug consistently reduced baseline response rate and enhanced shock rate. Facilitation of heart, response, and activity rates normally noted during the aversive CS were unaffected by administration of the drug. In addition, the over-all heart rate, urinary volume, and urinary Cortisol measures showed no consistent pattern of results in response to drug administration. These results suggest that under this schedule of reinforcement only baseline response rate was sensitive to the anxiolytic effects of chlorpromazine.