Berenice A. Carroll

Liberating Women's History: Theoretical and Critical Essays

Papers furnishing a review and critique of past work in womens history are combined with selections delineating new approaches to the study of women in history and empirical studies considering ideological and class factors.

Peace Research: The Cult of Power

1. Paper read at the annual convention of the American Sociological Association, Denver, Colorado, September 1, 1971. sons conceived to be powerful; (3) identification with institutions, groups, or persons conceived to be powerful. The world of knowledge and research is never free from fashionable preoccupations, the biases of scholars, and unperceived semantic distortions, and it is becoming commonplace in internal criticism of social research to point out that the advancement of understanding often depends upon the conscious exposure of and departure from such prevailing biases. But in the case of peace research and the cult of power, the problem may be deeper than in other cases. The influence of the cult of power appears in some respects to run altogether contrary

“Women take action!” Women's direct action and social change

Abstract This article presents a framework for understanding womens nonviolent direct action in terms of its definition, history, varieties, and significance. Definitions are suggested for the terms direct action, nonviolence, and militancy. The history of womens nonviolent direct action is briefly surveyed, from early times to the 20th century. The great variety of actions, particularly in recent decades, is analyzed as falling into a number of categories described in the words of participants. Though the history, scope, and influence of womens direct action are still too little known to be fully assessed, and many questions remain to be explored, it is clear that it has had a more extensive history than has been generally recognized and has had major impact in manysignificant movements for social change.

Introduction: History and Peace Research

Association, with which it has held joint meetings each year since 1965. The origins and early development of CPRH are sketched in a brief memoir by its second Chairman, F. Hilary Conroy, appended to this issue of the JPR. Peace research in history is a field even younger than peace research itself, and still less well-defined as a discipline. Perhaps it is best that it remain so, leaving room for contributions of all types and encouraging communication across disciplinary lines. Nevertheless a few words should be said here about the