Bernard Samuels

Drusen of the Optic Papilla: A Clinical and Pathologic Study

According to its scientific programs, only once in its long history has the attention of the American Ophthalmological Society been called to drusen (hyaline bodies) of the optic papilla. This was in a paper read by de Schweinitz in 1891, the first American contribution on drusen of the papilla. It was based on a single case, and it was unique in that the author reported the result of not only the clinical but also the postmortem examination. The concretions were confined to the papilla and were found nowhere else, although a careful search was made of the optic nerves in their entire lengths and of the brain. Strange to say, since 1921, except for a brief paper published by Goldstein and Givner in 1933, this subject has received but scant notice in the literature. Clinically and pathologically drusen of the papilla are rare. They are still rarer in the retina.

Cystic Degeneration of the Retina

The cystic spaces commonly seen in the retina at the ora serrata have been discussed in the literature over a long period of years. This paper deals with cystic degeneration in the posterior portion of the retina. However much the cystic degenerations in the two locations may resemble one another anatomically, they occur independently. The presence of one has no influence on that of the other. CLASSIFICATION The microscopic specimens used in this study embrace practically every condition in the pathology of the eye. The cavities may be classified as follows : According to Location.—The following classification is made according to the location of the cavities : With reference to the optic nerve. The spaces are more pronounced on the temporal side, to which region they may be confined. They usually form a circumpapillary system. With reference to the macular region. The largest spaces are invariably found immediately at the

Cataract Complicating Corneal Scars after Perforating Ulcers

The present time will be memorable in the history of ophthalmology as the epoch of the invention of the slit lamp. However, this means of examining in vivo many different parts of the eye is not without its limitations. If one would learn how a lens fares under an opaque cornea one must have recourse to the older method of studying microscopic preparations. Not since the days of Wedl 1 and Becker 2 and later Treacher Collins 3 has there been made any important study of the microscopic pathology of the lens. The times require a descriptive and illustrated review of the subject to render more readily available the findings of the older workers, scattered in the literature, and, if possible, to add new points. In a recent paper I 4 took as a theme a report on the primary changes in a lens that may occur during the active

SIGNIFICANCE OF SPECIFIC INFILTRATION AT THE SITE OF INJURY IN SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIA

The scientific study of sympathetic ophthalmia began with the masterly description of William Mackenzie, in 1835. The second notable event in its history occurred in 1851, with the advocacy, by Augustin Pichard, of the excision of the injured eye as a means of preventing an outbreak of inflammation in the fellow eye. A tremendous stride was the demonstration, by Ernst Fuchs, in 1905, from a painstaking study of anatomic preparations, that sympathetic ophthalmia is a disease entity, distinct from any other malady of the organs of vision. The revelations of Fuchs gave great momentum to the problem of discovering the exciting cause. As the disease was always associated with openings in the eyeball, it was taken for granted that it was of an infectious nature, caused by some micro-organism introduced from without at the place of injury. The histologic observations of Fuchs strengthened this view. It was natural to