Bernd Scholl

Introduction: Time to Think Planning (Education)—From Marginal Interface to Central Opportunity Space? Science for Practice? Educating Professionals for Practice in a Complex World–a Challenge for Engineering and Planning Schools Project-Based Learning–Core University Education in Spatial Planning and Development Managing Planning Pathologies: An Educational Challenge of the New Apprenticeship Programme in Finland Conclusion: Time to Act: Planning Education: Time to Think, Time to Act

Most university students are being trained in an academic discipline to prepare them for a working life as a professional. The societal practices they will engage themselves with tend to be richer than may be grasped from any disciplinary viewpoint, though. This raises the question how university training may prepare them for this professional reality. One element to meet this challenge would be that university training should pay at least as much attention to the epistemology and methodology of problem-oriented researchas to traditional research, aiming at universal knowledge. Therefore, drawing on (policy) design literature, students should be enabled to grasp the crticaly scrutinize their own and others’ knowledge on basis of an appreciation of how they relate to the problems studied. Also, they should learn to employ a ‘dual vision’ , iterating between a detached, ‘helicopter’ view, and an actor-oriented, contextual way of understanding that takes into account power relations.

Building Actor Relationships and Alliances for Complex Problem Solving in Spatial Planning: The Test Planning Method

Abstract In order to explore, clarify and solve complex challenges in spatial development, effective cooperation between spatially significant actors is essential. To this end, formal methods and instruments have been in place since the early 1970s. These are based on legal principles and existing established organizations. However, in recent decades it has become clear that this formal repertoire is, in most cases, insufficient. The sheer complexity of the associated challenges presents formal methods – and the actors involved – with a serious challenge. A key weak point is most notably the series of connected procedures necessary when trying to find a solution and the inertia of hierarchically structured organizations when faced with collaboration. These methods are referred to in the industry as “consecutive methods”. As a way of supplementing formal processes, recent decades have seen the appearance of informal procedures as a result. These are typically characterized by direct dialogue between competing problem-solving ideas, along with constructive criticism, within the context of processes that are structured according to a definite timeframe and based on particular principles. Such processes are typically referred to as “simultaneous methods”. These allow for versatile operational implementation when the appropriate method is used. In German-speaking countries, and in Switzerland in particular, one such method has taken root: the test planning method. The following article focuses on this method, its principles and its underlying philosophy, all of which are illustrated by means of case studies. The article concludes with an outlook in terms of future prospects.

Integrated spatial and transport infrastructure development: The case of the European North-South corridor Rotterdam-Genoa

The challenge of growth in transport, especially in freight transport, and scarce resources in money, landscape and local opposition against new infrastructure investment require new solutions from transport policy. This book deals with these issues taking as an example the transport corridor Rotterdam-Genoa, one of the most heavily used in Europe. In 2010 the INTERREG project Code24 with partners from five European countries started with the aim to develop a transnational strategy to strengthen and to develop the corridor. The main objective was to accelerate and jointly develop the transport capacity of the entire corridor by ensuring optimal economic benefits and spatial integration while reducing negative impacts on the environment at local and regional level. These issues are highlighted in the book from an interdisciplinary perspective, taking into account spatial, economic, environmental and political aspects.

Urban Transformation in Airport Regions

Abstract Airport development in densely populated regions presents a major challenge to all parties involved. The main issue in airport regions is a trust-building and proactive handling of noise pollution. Spatial planning especially is being called upon to deliver integrative solutions for future spatial and airport development through innovative planning processes. The establishment of a demarcation line that indicates the boundaries of the area of existing and future possible aircraft noise pollution can create a reliable space for future settlement development. Based on the potential noise reduction, the boundary line could shrink and generate so-called delta spaces, which deserve special attention from spatial planning. However, the settlement area in the airport region with a potential for redevelopment must also be known. Using the development of Zurich Airport as an example, one such process is presented and conclusions concerning future processes are drawn from it. The case study makes it clear that spatial planning is being called upon to proactively engage with the development of high-density traffic airports. In particular, technological advances in aircraft manufacture to reduce noise emissions, as well as innovative landing and take-off procedures, open new perspectives to mitigate the central conflicts in airport and spatial development. The importance of assessing the potential for settlement redevelopment in airport regions is a significant conclusion.

Introduction: Time to think planning (education)? From marginal interface to central opportunity space? Science for practice? Educating professionals for practice in a complex world? A challenge for engineering and planning schools project-based learning? Core university education in spatial planning and development. Mmanaging planning pathologies: An educational challenge of the new aprenticeship programme in Finland: Conclusion: time to act

Most university students are being trained in an academic discipline to prepare them for a working life as a professional. The societal practices they will engage themselves with tend to be richer than may be grasped from any disciplinary viewpoint, though. This raises the question how university training may prepare them for this professional reality. One element to meet this challenge would be that university training should pay at least as much attention to the epistemology and methodology of problem-oriented researchas to traditional research, aiming at universal knowledge. Therefore, drawing on (policy) design literature, students should be enabled to grasp the crticaly scrutinize their own and others’ knowledge on basis of an appreciation of how they relate to the problems studied. Also, they should learn to employ a ‘dual vision’ , iterating between a detached, ‘helicopter’ view, and an actor-oriented, contextual way of understanding that takes into account power relations.

Anforderungen an die Raumplanung und Konsequenzen für die Ausbildung

Presently, spatial planning is changing radically: On the one hand, the position and importance of spatial planning is diminishing, on the other hand, demands on spatial planning and planners increase. Main future tasks of spatial planning will be: i) development control and sustainable urban development of existing settlements; ii) integrating urban development and infrastructure planning; iii) cross-border planning tasks. This article analyzes the resulting consequences and future challenges for postgraduate education in spatial planning. The author states that basic knowledge in spatial planning postgraduate education is forced on the sidelines. Confronting spatial planners with the above mentioned tasks, the capacity for analyzing complex planning problems, and the selection of appropriate actions will be of paramount importance. Therefore, these abilities have to be the major focus of postgraduate education. Case studies are the central element of postgraduate education. However, Ph.D. students netwo...

Bernd Scholl — Academic Collaboration in Spaces and Projects of European Importance

Challenges for European cohesion The countries of the European continent are facing major challenges: The economic and social crises in the European Union (EU), armed conflicts in some Mediterranean regions and emerging nationalism in others require a more intensive problemand project-oriented collaboration among Europeans. Therefore, forces are needed to counteract these challenges and strengthen cohesion in Europe. Visible and nationally connected projects of common European interest are the easiest, although not the simplest way to experience the value and meaning of cooperation. Academic cooperation among the higher education institutions in the spatial planning domain, especially its aim of promoting an informal, collaboration-based planning culture, as experienced in a few European countries (Frank et al. 2014; Scholl 2015), can make an important contribution to the currently unstable situation in Europe.

Neue Ansätze in der Planungspraxis schaffen

Thomas Sieverts, geboren 1934, ist emeritierter Professor für Städtebau und Siedlungswesen an der Technischen Uni versität Darmstadt, Deutschland. Professor Sieverts hatte auch verschiedene Gastprofessuren an Universitäten in Grossbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten inne. Er ist der Autor vieler Publikationen in den Fachgebieten Stadtplanung und Städtebau, und war bis 2012 Partner im von ihm gegründeten Planungsbüro.

Spatial Planning and Development in a European and Macro-regional Context

Throughout the entire history of Europe and its spatial development, the north-south corridor from Rotterdam to Genoa has formed a quasi ‘transport backbone’. The most densely settled areas of Europe are to be found here, together with diverse landscapes and urban regions of various sizes. It is also the area where the highest economic value is created. To a considerable extent, the economic power of this axis determines many European developments. Major investments of all kinds: airports, railway systems, distribution centres, industries, etc., are concentrated here.

Integrated Spatial and Infrastructural Development: The Need for Adequate Methods and Spatial Strategies for Collaborative Action and Decision-Making

In the Lisbon Agenda, Europe formulated the goal to become the most competitive economic region worldwide. The present economic crisis makes it clear though, this will be a stony path. For one, Europe doesn’t have spatially related strategies and priorities to identify reliable spaces for future investments. And second, building up an efficient trans-European transport network must be a key element of this strategy. The primary element of a sustainable spatial and settlement development is a high-capacity railway network to serve as a kind of backbone. To take full advantage of the synergy, future settlement development should be concentrated in the catchment areas of the train stations of this high-capacity public transport. These two elements are critical to achieving this desired competitive advantage. There is a need for adequate methods and strategies to achieve this. The case of the Corridor Development 24 (CODE24) Rotterdam–Genoa illustrates the challenges, methods and strategies needed to achieve an integrated spatial and infrastructure development.