Bernhard Grasemann

Classification of Refold Structures

Structural geology textbooks distinguish among four end members of three‐dimensional refold structures established from their two‐dimensional interference patterns. Here it is shown that six different end members of three‐dimensional refold structures exist. These end members can be described by a reduced direction cosines matrix ndocumentclass{aastex}nusepackage{amsbsy}nusepackage{amsfonts}nusepackage{amssymb}nusepackage{bm}nusepackage{mathrsfs}nusepackage{pifont}nusepackage{stmaryrd}nusepackage{textcomp}nusepackage{portland,xspace}nusepackage{amsmath,amsxtra}nusepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc}nnewcommandcyr{nrenewcommandrmdefault{wncyr}nrenewcommandsfdefault{wncyss}nrenewcommandencodingdefault{OT2}nnormalfontnselectfont}nDeclareTextFontCommand{textcyr}{cyr}npagestyle{empty}nDeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}nbegin{document}nlandscapen

Lateral fold Growth and Linkage in the Zagros Fold and thrust Belt (Kurdistan, NE Iraq)

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Tertiary SSW directed crustal extension in the Western Cyclades: A new kinematic domain in the Aegean region (Greece)

nend{document} . The classical types 1–3 are extended to have three new counterparts types 01–03, which are derived by 90° rotation of the superposed fold around its fold axis. The matrix ndocumentclass{aastex}nusepackage{amsbsy}nusepackage{amsfonts}nusepackage{amssymb}nusepackage{bm}nusepackage{mathrsfs}nusepackage{pifont}nusepackage{stmaryrd}nusepackage{textcomp}nusepackage{portland,xspace}nusepackage{amsmath,amsxtra}nusepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc}nnewcommandcyr{nrenewcommandrmdefault{wncyr}nrenewcommandsfdefault{wncyss}nrenewcommandencodingdefault{OT2}nnormalfontnselectfont}nDeclareTextFontCommand{textcyr}{cyr}npagestyle{empty}nDeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}nbegin{document}nlandscapen

Deformation patterns, reworking and low-angled extension on Kythnos, W. Cyclades

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Exhumation and cooling of the Serifos metamorphic core complex, western Cyclades: extensional surging or continuum since the Early Oligocene?

nend{document} can be used to characterize the angles between the two fold generations in a simple triangle plot illustrating the six end members and even any intermediate refold structure.

Non-cylindrical fold growth in the Zagros fold and thrust belt (Kurdistan, NE-Iraq)

With the increasing quality and resolution of digital elevation models (DEM) and with the enormousnadvantage of the almost global coverage and free availability of such data, mapping of threedimensionalninformation from true-to-scale, three-dimensional images provides an efficient andnaccurate alternative to stereoscopic mapping using aerial photographs and satellite images. Recently,nit has been demonstrated that the integration of regional to outcrop digital data can be used tonvisualize three-dimensional multi-scale structural geological models. Following these ideas, wenpresent here a practical application of a newly developed add-on tool (PlaneTrace) for the softwarenWinGeol. This allows interactive mapping, visualization and calculation of the spatial orientations ofnplanar surfaces from digital elevation models. The strength of this tool is that the geological feature isntraced by a virtual transparent plane, which allows visual approximation of the planar structure. Thenaccuracy of the PlaneTrace tool has been tested in the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt (Kurdistan, NEnIraq) by comparing computed bedding orientation with field data.