Bernhard Steinberg

Separation of Diencephalic Centers Concerned by Pupillary Motility and Ocular Tension

1. Duke-Elder, W. S.: The dependence of surgery on physiology. Am. J. Ophth., 33:11 (Jan.) 1950. 2. Elwyn, H.: Pathogenesis of chronic simple glaucoma. Arch. Ophth., 19:986 (June) 1938. 3. : Nature of glaucoma. Arch. Ophth., 38 :S06 (Oct.) 1947. 4. Hess, W. R.: Die funktionelle Organisation des vegetativen Nervensystems. Basel, Benno Schmalbe and Co., 1948. 5. Banziger, T.: Die Mechanik des akuten Glaukoms und die Deutung der Iridectomie—Wirkung bei demselben. Ber. ii. d. dreiundvierzigste Versamtnlung d. deut. opth. Gesell. in Jena, 1922, p. 43.

Chemistry of bone marrow: VIII. Composition of rabbit bone marrow in inanition

Abstract The effects of inanition were studied in rabbits at several intervals following the restriction or removal of their food. Without food they survived about 25 days and showed a weight loss of 50%. At this time the lipide content of their marrow was decreased to less than 5%. It was replaced by a gelatinous substance having a high water content. The most cellular marrow samples contained the least water and the most lipide, which is a reversal of the order found in normal animals. The nitrogen and sulfur fractions were found to be below normal in concentration, and the inorganic phosphate had a low normal value.

Chemistry of bone marrow: VII. Composition of rabbit bone marrow in experimental hemolytic anemia

Abstract Hemolytic anemia was produced in rabbits by the subcutaneous injection of acetylphenylhydrazine. The marrow of the anemic animals was analyzed during a period of 5–34 days. Changes were found in the chemical composition of the active marrow as early as 5–6 days; and with a period of 27–34 days, the normally inactive marrow approached the cellular and chemical composition of the active marrow. The water, residue, and nitrogen contents of the marrow were increased and the lipide concentration decreased. The sulfur and phosphorus components were essentially normal in the anemic marrow.

Permanent Ablation of Bone Marrow in Long Bones of Living Rabbits

Summary A method of ablating permanently the marrow of all the long bones in living rabbits is presented. The ablation may be carried out rapidly over a period of a week or gradually over several weeks. Approximately 41 ± 5% of the total marrow of the animal may be ablated permanently by this method.

The mechanism of an asthmatic attack in chronic allergic asthma

Abstract 1.1. Lipiodol injections of bronchi and roentgenograms were made during the course of an asthmatic attack and during an interval between attacks. 2.2. Postmortem material of patients dying from allergic asthma was correlated with the roentgenologic findings. 3.3. An asthmatic paroxysm is essentially due to bronchial occlusion by mucus as a result of a hypersecretory activity of the bronchial mucous glands. 4.4. The degree and the duration of an attack are proportionate to the extent of mucous secretion and bronchial plugging. 5.5. There is a reduction of functioning lung tissue due to a permanent bronchial occlusion. The extent of this reduction is proportionate to the duration of the disease, the severity and the frequency of the individual attacks.

Differentiation of hyperpiesin and miopiesin from hormones of the pituitary gland.

Abstract Hyperpiesin and miopiesin, pituitary principles affecting the intraocular tension, are shown to be distinct from vasopressin and oxytocin. Pitocin, which has chiefly oxytocin activity, has no effect on intraocular tension. Hyperpiesin and miopiesin are not found in the hypothalamus, whereas vasopressin is. Hyperpiesin and miopiesin are found in extracts of the posterior pituitary and spinal fluid. Only hyperpiesin is present in the anterior pituitary lobe. Hyperpiesin and miopiesin of rabbit pituitaries or Pitressin can be separated from vasopressin by countercurrent distribution between phosphate buffer of pH 6.0 and 1-butanol. In this distribution, a substance which converts hyperpiesin to miopiesin remains in the original tube, and the distribution constant for vasopressin is less than 0.25, and for hyperpiesin and miopiesin, about 3. The constant may be a little higher for hyperpiesin than for miopiesin.

Chemical composition of bone marrow after exposure of rabbits to nitrogen mustard

Abstract Rabbits were injected with 2.5 mg./kg. of methylbis(2-chloroethyl)-amine hydrochloride while the marrow of the right leg was protected by clamping the blood vessels which supply it. There was a marked lowering of the lipide-free solid content of the affected marrow. The lipide concentration was increased, but the change was not of the order of magnitude one would expect from the morphological appearance. Losses were noted in the total, inorganic, nonprotein organic, and protein sulfur. There was a loss of total and inorganic phosphorus. In addition, the following nitrogen fractions were lowered: total, lipide, “nonprotein,” and phosphotungstic acid precipitable.

Effects of Permanent Mechanical Ablation of Marrow of Long Bones on Peripheral Blood of Living Rabbits

Summary Marrow was removed from long bones of rabbits and replaced by inert material. This procedure resulted in a permanent suppression of marrow. From 11 to 41% of the total marrow was obliterated by this method. The effects on cell and hemoglobin content of peripheral blood were investigated. In most of the animals there were no significant permanent changes. Extirpation of the marrow was followed frequently by an increase in leukocytes and a decrease in hemoglobin, erythrocytes and platelets. When more than 6 marrows were ablated, some of the animals developed a slight reduction in all the elements investigated. An infrequent animal showed significant changes. Leukocytes were increased in number and the peripheral blood was suggestive of leukemia. Appearance of immature granulocytes and a high leukocyte count was associated with a reduction of hemoglobin and erythrocytes and morphologic abnormalities of red blood cells.

Agglutination of Circulating Leukocytes by Antileukocytic Sera

Summary A method of testing and titrating antileukocytic sera by agglutination is presented. The procedure offers a relatively simple method of studying the immunochemical differences between normal and leukemic leukocytes and between lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Cardiovascular System in Acute Experimental Peritonitis

The purpose of this work is to determine the reaction of the cardiovascular system to experimental peritonitis. Holzbach 1 in his review on circulatory failure in infectious conditions states that functional heart failure appears early in peritonitis, but this opinion is apparently based on clinical observations since no experimental work of this condition is reviewed. Two types of peritonitis were induced in dogs. Fecal peritonitis was produced in 5 dogs by the intraperitoneal introduction of 5 gm. of small and large bowel feces suspended in 25 cc. of saline. Colon bacillus peritonitis was induced in another set of 5 dogs by the intraperitoneal injection of 50 cc. of a 2% gum tragacanth in saline containing 200 million B. coli per cc. In each of the animals blood pressure was obtained prior to and continuously after the onset of peritonitis by insertion into the carotid artery of a cannula which was connected to a mercury manometer and recorded on a kymograph. The animals were under pento-barbital sodium anesthesia. With each animal with peritonitis a normal control dog was run simultaneously. In another set of 4 dogs, 2 with fecal peritonitis and 2 with B. coli peritonitis, electrocardiograms were taken prior to and at intervals after the onset of peritonitis. There was a gradual drop of blood pressure beginning within 15 to 20 minutes after the onset of peritonitis. In one hour the carotid pressure dropped 2 mm. of Hg. The pulse pressure became progressively smaller. The fall was of the systolic pressure, the diastolic being maintained. In 6 hours the carotid pressure dropped 5 mm. of Hg. and an arhythmia appeared. In B. coli peritonitis the carotid pressure drop was more rapid but seldom exceeded 4 mm. of Hg.