Bharat Gupta

A Review on Telemedicine-Based WBAN Framework for Patient Monitoring

OBJECTIVE In this article, we describe the important aspects like major characteristics, research issues, and challenges with body area sensor networks in telemedicine systems for patient monitoring in different scenarios. Present and emerging developments in communications integrated with the developments in microelectronics and embedded system technologies will have a dramatic impact on future patient monitoring and health information delivery systems. The important challenges are bandwidth limitations, power consumption, and skin or tissue protection. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article presents a detailed survey on wireless body area networks (WBANs). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We have designed the framework for integrating body area networks on telemedicine systems. Recent trends, overall WBAN-telemedicine framework, and future research scope have also been addressed in this article.

Swastika slot UWB antenna for body-worn application in WBAN

Advances in sensing, computing and communication technologies coupled with the need of cost reduction, and level of comfort have led to the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is one of the fastest growing technologies for WBAN. The increasing demand of compact size, portable, body-worn, and lightweight electronic devices for the WBAN applications requires the design of miniature antennas. Therefore, in this paper, we present a novel swastika slot UWB antenna with the concept of modified ground plane. Furthermore, a swastika slot UWB antenna and its radiation characteristics over free space and body-worn (human phantom model) scenarios are simulated for WBAN applications. The antenna designed in such a way that it can give acceptable performance both over free space as well as body-worn scenarios without any prerequisite. Most importantly, we have analyzed the effect of specific absorption rate (SAR) on the human body due to the radiation of UWB antenna, considering the human body as homogeneous and layered heterogeneous phantom models.

Identification of Chronic Wound Status under Tele-Wound Network through Smartphone

This paper presents a tele-wound framework for monitoring chronic wound status based on color variation over a period of time. This will facilitate patients at remote locations to connect to medical experts through mobile devices. Further this will help medical professionals to monitor and manage the wounds in more timely, accurate and precise manner using the proposed framework. Tele-medical agent TMA collects the chronic wound data using smart phone and send it to the Tele-medical hub TMH. In TMH, the wound image has been segmented using Fuzzy C-Means which gives highest segmented accuracy i.e. 92.60%, then the wound tissue is classified using proposed Bayesian classifier. The smart phone supported prototype system has been demonstrated with snapshots using very compatible and easy to integrate Hypertext preprocessor PHP and MySqL. The proposed system may facilitate better wound management and treatment by providing percentage of wound tissues.

Studies on azabicyclo systems: syntheses and spasmolytic activity of analogues of 9-methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane and 10-methyl-3,10-diazabicyclo[4.3.1]decane

Abstract The spasmolytic activity of the lactams, 9-methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-4-one 1 and 10-methyl-3,10-diazabicyclo[4.3.1]decan-4-one 2 and their reduction products, 9-methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane 3 and 10-methyl-3,10-diazabicyclo[4.3.1]decane 4 are described. Syntheses and spasmolytic effects of new amides and sulfonamides of the amines 3 and 4 are also reported. 3 possessed specific anti-serotonin activity. Amides of 3 with aromatic acids resulted in specific anti-histaminic compounds, whereas amides of 4 with aliphatic acids showed spasmogenic activity. A number of amides and sulfonamides showed non-specific spasmolytic activity.

Telemedicine Supported Chronic Wound Tissue Prediction Using Classification Approaches

Telemedicine helps to deliver health services electronically to patients with the advancement of communication systems and health informatics. Chronic wound (CW) detection and its healing rate assessment at remote distance is very much difficult due to unavailability of expert doctors. This problem generally affects older ageing people. So there is a need of better assessment facility to the remote people in telemedicine framework. Here we have proposed a CW tissue prediction and diagnosis under telemedicine framework to classify the tissue types using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The proposed telemedicine based wound tissue prediction (TWTP) model is able to identify wound tissue and correctly predict the wound status with a good degree of accuracy. The overall performance of the proposed wound tissue prediction methodology has been measured based on ground truth images. The proposed methodology will assist the clinicians to take better decision towards diagnosis of CW in terms of quantitative information of three types of tissue composition at low-resource set-up.

Wireless body area networks towards empowering real-time healthcare monitoring: a survey

The speedy raising insalubrious environment, where peoples have less focus towards own health and physical fitness has impel the need of caregivers and doctors. In addition, increase in elderly population and numerous chronic diseases fortify the need of real-time healthcare system to monitor numerous physiological sign at their doorstep. The advances in sensing, computing and communication technologies coupled with level of comfort, cost reduction, and continuously health monitoring have led to the development of wireless body area networks WBANs. Development of WBANs impels to make use of wearable and implanted sensor devices for various physiological sign monitoring. Furthermore, it provides long term, real-time healthcare monitoring to individual personal without restricting their daily life activities. In this paper, we proposed a general real-time healthcare monitoring system architecture. We also summarised the need, challenges and radio technologies of WBANs, since it is the key factor to achieve low power and low latency.

Feature extraction from EEG signal through one electrode device for medical application

In recent years, a vast researches are concentrated towards the development of EEG based human computer interface in arrangement to enhancing the quality of life for medical as well as non-medical applications. Industry and community of research has been attracted by wireless EEG devices and they are easily available in the market. Such technology can be incorporated to psychology, anesthesiology, and for real-time patients monitoring. The Neurosky Mind wave headset device was generally utilize to detect and measure electrical activity of the users forehead and transmits the collected data wirelessly, to a computer for further processing. After processing data base, the signals are categories into various frequency bands for feature extraction. In this paper, we present the characteristics and specification of EEG based human computer interfaces for real-time applications. Furthermore, we discuss about the mental or behavior state of the person (Eye Blink, Meditation, Attention levels) through the NeuroSky Mind wave (MW001) device using Openvibe.

Design Aspects of Body-Worn UWB Antenna for Body-Centric Communication: A Review

The body-worn antenna and body-centric communication (BCC) system has received much attention over the past few years for medical healthcare monitoring applications. Such systems are gaining much concern for other applications like sports and fitness, gaming, lifestyle and entertainment. The speedy raising insalubrious environment, where the peoples have less focus towards own health and physical fitness has impelled the need of caregivers and doctors. In addition, the increase in the elderly population and numerous chronic diseases fortify the need of real-time healthcare system to monitor numerous physiological sign at their doorstep. The healthcare monitoring system is advancing through an improvement which incorporate context-aware, real-time, and continuous monitoring of several vital signs even without hospitalization. Advances in sensing, embedded technologies, and wireless transmission technologies coupled with the miniaturization have led to a keen interest in antennas that can be mounted in, on or around the human body for several applications. These applications have included wireless body area networks. This paper reviews the existing body-worn antennas for the BCC system in terms of design aspects, performance parameter characterization, human phantom modeling, and related basic numerical approaches in order to tackle the design challenges of body-worn UWB antennas.

Bio-optical modeling of human skin to eliminate the skin structure variability in blood pressure measurement

This paper presents a simulation model to quantify the amount of light intensity dissipated by the skin and its underlying layers. The model will be useful to eliminate the skin structure variability issue in the blood pressure measurement system. In the visible spectral region, the absorption & scattering properties of skin tissues are estimated by taking into account the spatial distribution of water, melanin, blood & bilirubin content within each distinct anatomical layer. Combining this bio-optical model with advanced radiative transfer theory, a hybrid model has been simulated to represent the transmission of light through the skin. This simulation model will be able to quantify the dissipated light intensity for different types of skin in PPG based blood pressure measurement system. In the results, graphical analysis of different types of human skin responses with respect to the light of different wavelengths, incident angle & intensities have been revealed.

Symbol error rate analysis of cooperative cellular communication

This paper mainly deals with cooperative communication for cellular network where end user gets help from other mobile user in receiving better quality of signal. The term cellular cooperative communication means that cooperation will occur between various cellular phones. In Wireless communication, signal in general suffers from fading and shadowing. At times when received signal strength is low, cooperative communication can be of great help inkipping the link alive. We can also have an increased data rate with cooperative diversity when line of sight communication (LOS) is available. In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm for selecting the best relay. All the cooperation will be supervised by base station. We have simulated symbol error rate (SER) for cooperative cellular communication under various channels and found that cooperation if used will actually be very helpful for our exponentially growing cellular communication scenario.