Bhavtosh Sharma

Chiral Analysis of Ibuprofen Residues in Water and Sediment

Abstract Thousands of organic compounds are present in our water resources and exist in dynamic equilibrium with sediment. Among them are drug and pharmaceutical residues. Many of these residues are chiral, and their metabolites or degradation products may also be chiral in nature. Therefore, the determination of chiral ratio of these chiral compounds is required to predict the exact toxicities. The present article describes the presence of ibuprofen, the third most popular clinically used drug in the world, in water resources, its enantiomeric degradation, and the monitoring of chiral ratio of ibuprofen enantiomers and its degradation products. Attempts have also been made to describe the future scope of chiral analyses of drug and pharmaceutical residues in the environment.

Arsenic speciation analysis and remediation techniques in drinking water

Abstract Arsenic is present in environment in trace amounts in rocks, soil, water and air but its toxicity effects are highly dependent on its chemical forms; inorganic and organic. There is a direct association between elevated arsenic exposure through drinking water and prevalence of different types of cancers. Present review describes the brief account of arsenic chemistry with reference to water and environment which is relevant to its toxicity arising out of different arsenic species and finally its remediation technologies. The quantification of arsenic species is difficult owing to the low concentration of arsenic in drinking water which is relatively lower than detection limits of modern analytical methods. New hyphenated techniques with more advanced tools have therefore, been discussed in the present paper which are being used in arsenic speciation analysis. The present review also highlights the importance to identify and quantify each chemical species of arsenic as more than 20 arsenic compoun...

Separation of biological proteins by liquid chromatography

After the success of human genome project, proteome is a new emerging field of biochemistry as it provides the knowledge of enzymes (proteins) interactions with different body organs and medicines administrated into human body. Therefore, the study of proteomics is very important for the development of new and effective drugs to control many lethal diseases. In proteomics study, analyses of proteome is essential and significant from the pathological point of views, i.e., in several serious diseases such as cancer, Alzheimers disease and aging, heart diseases and also for plant biology. The separation and identification of proteomics is a challenging job due to their complex structures and closely related physico-chemical behaviors. However, the recent advances in liquid chromatography make this job easy. Various kinds of liquid chromatography, along with different detectors and optimization strategies, have been discussed in this article. Besides, attempts have been made to include chirality concept in proteomics for understanding mechanism and medication of various disease controlled by different body proteins.

Advanced and Hyphenated Techniques for Nano-Level Analysis of Iron in Water

The monitoring of iron in water sources has been and will be of immense importance because modern applications require accurate and reliable results of quantification of low levels of iron in water being used in specialized fields. Although iron in drinking water supplies is found to exist in four forms, Fe(II), Fe(III), iron bacteria, and organic iron, no single method is capable of nano-level analysis of all these forms of iron. Hence, various advanced and hyphenated techniques are being used for the determination of iron species in drinking water sources that give precise and reliable results and reduce human effort. The present article reviews the new generation of equipment and a variety of modified and hyphenated instrumental techniques for iron analysis. Additionally, this review describes detection limits of widely used hyphenated techniques for quantitative analysis of four forms of iron in water down to ultratrace levels.