Bhawna Dev

Ultrasound versus MRI in the diagnosis of fetal head and trunk anomalies

Objective. To compare antenatal sonography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of fetal head and trunk anomalies. Methods. Forty pregnant women with fetal anomalies on ultrasound (US) examination underwent MRI. The MR examination was done by a radiologist who was provided with the US data. The MR images were then read by one of the two radiologists who were blinded to the US data. They were however told that the region of interest was (1) head–neck or (2) trunk or (3) both. Antenatal US and MRI findings were compared with postnatal diagnosis. Postnatal evaluation included plain radiograph, US, computed tomography, MRI, surgery, physical evaluation and autopsy. Results. Sixty anomalies were detected in the 40 women studied. This included 36 central nervous system (CNS), 7 thoracic, 7 gastrointestinal, 8 genitourinary and 2 face–neck anomalies. In the evaluation of CNS and thoracic anomalies, more number of confident diagnoses could be obtained by MRI when compared with that by US. In the detection of gastrointestinal and genitourinary anomalies, there was no significant difference between the two modalities. Conclusion. More number of confident diagnoses could be obtained by MRI when compared with that by US, in the evaluation of fetal CNS and thoracic anomalies. MRI can be used in complex fetal anomalies as a supplementary tool following US.

Pictorial essay: Anatomical variations of paranasal sinuses on multidetector computed tomography-How does it help FESS surgeons?

With the advent of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), imaging of paranasal sinuses prior to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become mandatory. Multiplanar imaging, particularly coronal reformations, offers precise information regarding the anatomy of the sinuses and its variations, which is an essential requisite before surgery.

Hydatid cyst: Anywhere, everywhere

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infection that primarily affects the liver but which can be found anywhere in the body. This case involves spontaneous dissemination of hydatid cyst disease, a rare occurrence in the absence of any intervention or trauma.

Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of post-coronary artery bypass grafts in correlation with invasive coronary angiography.

64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) allows more reliable and non-invasive evaluation of the coronary artery bypass grafts for occlusion or stenosis both in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and also progression of disease in native coronary vessels.

Case report: Perinephric lymphangiomatosis

Perirenal lymphangiomatosis is a rare benign malformation of the lymphatic system. We report here a case of bilateral perirenal and parapelvic involvement with a normal excretory collecting system.

Back to Basics – ‘Must Know’ Classical Signs in Thoracic Radiology

There are a few signs in radiology which are based on many common objects or patterns that we come across in our routine lives. The objective behind the association between such common objects and the corresponding pathologies is to make the reader understand and remember the disease process. These signs do not necessarily indicate a particular disease, but are usually suggestive of a group of similar pathologies which will facilitate in the narrowing down of the differential diagnosis. These signs can be seen in different imaging modalities like plain radiograph and computed tomography. In this essay, we describe 24 classical radiological signs used in chest imaging, which would be extremely helpful in routine clinical practice not only for radiologists but also for chest physicians and cardiothoracic surgeons.

Fused supernumerary kidney.

A partially fused supernumerary kidney with bifid ureters was diagnosed in a 35-year-old female patient using ultrasound and triple-phased computed tomography (CT). The CT also revealed two separate renal arteries supplying each of the left kidney and multiple left renal veins, forming a common trunk to drain into the inferior vena cava. Supernumerary kidney is a rare congenital anomaly; fewer than 100 cases have been reported over the years. A fused supernumerary kidney is rarer still.

Role of biplane digital subtraction angiography, and 3D rotational angiography in craniopagus twins: A case report, detailed pictorial evaluation, and review of literature

Cranially conjoined twins (craniopagus) are regarded as one of the rarest human malformations. Craniopagus represents 2 to 6% of conjoined twins and is the rarest type of disorder. A conventional angiogram with three dimensions is needed to confirm the exact extent of sharing of the arterial / venous tree. 3D angiography was first proposed by CORNELIUS and advanced into clinical practice by VOIGT in 1975. We present a case of craniopagus vertical type II twins, evaluated for cerebral circulation.

Bilateral mammary Paget disease in a young adult female

Mammary Paget disease is an uncommon malignancy of the breast that presents with ulceration or eczema of the nipple and is almost always associated with an underlying breast carcinoma. This disease is most commonly seen in the fifth and sixth decades of life and is almost always unilateral. The diagnosis of mammary Paget disease is generally based on clinical findings, confirmed by histopathologic examination. Mammographic and ultrasonographic findings may be nonspecific for malignancy, with 50% of cases showing negative findings. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect clinically occult cancer with nonspecific findings on mammogram and ultrasonogram. In this article, we are presenting a rare case of a young woman with biopsy-proven bilateral mammary Paget disease, for which bilateral modified radical mastectomy was done, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Efficacy of Dipeptide-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer Models Under Pulsed Electromagnetic Field

ABSTRACT Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 17%. Hyperthermia is an alternative approach for the treatment of lung cancer and is associated with fewer side effects. We employed ironoxide nanoparticles in inducing localized hyperthermia in lung cancer cells using a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). We synthesized, characterized and determined the uptake of dipeptide-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Further, their ability in inducing localized hyperthermia in PEMF on lung cancer cells was assessed. Results showed nanoparticles are non-cytotoxic and showed enhanced cellular uptake in lung cancer cells. In vivo studies in nude mice lung tumor xenografts confirmed the presence in the tumors. Lung cancer cells pretreated with dipeptide-coated magnetic nanoparticles upon PEMF exposure induced cell death.