Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva

Two new species of Geastrum (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) found in Brazil

We have studied molecular and morphological data of Geastrum aculeatum sp. nov. and G. echinulatum sp. nov. These two species were found in Brazil’s semi-arid region and in central Amazon. It is characterized by the nature of the mycelial layer with aculeate tufts. Geastrum echinulatum differs from G. aculeatum in the size of the spores, presence of subiculum and structural details in the mycelial tufts. The phylogenetic analyses were performed through parsimony and Bayesian methods, using the atp6 and LSU regions. These analyses confirm that both species are distinctly segregated from the other Geastrum species analyzed here.

Espécies raras de Phallales (Agaricomycetidae, Basidiomycetes) no Nordeste do Brasil

Six interesting species of Phallales are recorded from the Atlantic rainforest: Aseroe floriformis Baseia & Calonge, Geastrum setiferum Baseia, Ileodictyon cibarium Tulasne ex Raoul, Laternea triscapa Turpin, Phallus pygmaeus Baseia and Staheliomyces cinctus E. Fischer. A key and comments on taxonomy and ecology of these species are also provided.

Molecular and morphological analyses confirm Rhizopogon verii as a widely distributed ectomycorrhizal false truffle in Europe, and its presence in South America

The genus Rhizopogon includes species with hypogeous or subepigeus habit, forming ectomycorrhizae with naturally occurring or planted pines (Pinaceae). Species of the genus Rhizopogon can be distinguished easily from the other hypogeous basidiomycetes by their lacunose gleba without columella and their smooth elliptical spores; however, the limit between species is not always easy to establish. Rhizopogon luteolus, the type species of the genus, has been considered one of the species that are more abundant in Europe, as well as it has been cited in pine plantation of North and South America, different parts of Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. However, in this study, based on molecular analyses of the ITS nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences (19 new sequences; 37 sequences from GenBank/UNITE, including those from type specimens), we prove that many GenBank sequences under R. luteolus were misidentified and correspond to Rhizopogon verii, a species described from Tunisia. Also, we confirm that basidiomes and ectomycorrhizae recently collected in Germany under Pinus sylvestris, as well as specimens from South of Brazil under Pinus taeda belong to R. verii. Thanks to the numerous ectomycorrhizal tips collected in Germany, a complete description of R. verii/P. sylvestris ectomycorrhiza is provided. Moreover, since in this paper the presence of R. verii in South America is here reported for the first time, a short description of basidiomes collected in Brazil, compared with collections located in different European herbaria, is included.

O gênero Calostoma (Boletales, Agaricomycetidae) em áreas de cerrado e semi-árido no Brasil

The genus Calostoma is represented in Brazil by two species: C. cinnabarinum Desv., reported for the first time in Brazil and C. zanchianus (Rick) Baseia & Calonge. These species occur in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions.Descriptions, illustrations and SEM-images of spore ornamentation are provided.

Discovery or Extinction of New Scleroderma Species in Amazonia

The Amazon Forest is a hotspot of biodiversity harboring an unknown number of undescribed taxa. Inventory studies are urgent, mainly in the areas most endangered by human activities such as extensive dam construction, where species could be in risk of extinction before being described and named. In 2015, intensive studies performed in a few locations in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest revealed three new species of the genus Scleroderma: S. anomalosporum, S. camassuense and S. duckei. The two first species were located in one of the many areas flooded by construction of hydroelectric dams throughout the Amazon; and the third in the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, a protected reverse by the INPA. The species were identified through morphology and molecular analyses of barcoding sequences (Internal Transcribed Spacer nrDNA). Scleroderma anomalosporum is characterized mainly by the smooth spores under LM in mature basidiomata (under SEM with small, unevenly distributed granules, a characteristic not observed in other species of the genus), the large size of the basidiomata, up to 120 mm diameter, and the stelliform dehiscence; S. camassuense mainly by the irregular to stellate dehiscence, the subreticulated spores and the bright sulfur-yellow colour, and Scleroderma duckei mainly by the verrucose exoperidium, stelliform dehiscence, and verrucose spores. Description, illustration and affinities with other species of the genus are provided.

New records of Disciseda (Agaricales, Fungi) in the semiarid regions of Northeast Brazil1

Abstract In this study, five species of the genus Disciseda are reported for the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Disciseda anomala (Cooke & Massee) G. Cunn. and D. hyalothrix (Cooke & Massee) Hollós are new records for South America; D. verrucosa G. Cunn. is recorded for the first time in Brazil; D. bovista (Klotzsch) P. Henn. and D. candida (Schwein.) Lloyd are new records for Northeastern Brazil. Detailed descriptions of the specimens, comments, illustrations, SEM photos of basidiospores and keys are provided.

Battarrea stevenii (Libosch.) Fr. (Tulostomataceae), um raro fungo xerófilo: primeiro registro para o Brasil

Battarrea stevenii, a rare species from xeric areas, is described macro- and microscopically for the first time from Brazil, and compared to the closest species, Battarrea phalloides.