Bilal Ozmen

Comparison of intraoral radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the detection of horizontal root fractures: an in vitro study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) units with several intraoral radiography techniques for detecting horizontal root fractures.MethodsThe study material comprised 82 extracted human maxillary incisors without root fractures that had not undergone any root canal treatment. Root fractures were created in the horizontal plane in 31 teeth by a mechanical force using a hammer with the tooth placed on a soft foundation as described in a previous study. The teeth were divided into two groups: a control group with no fractures and a test group with fractures. These were randomized to the empty maxillary anterior sockets of a dry human maxilla. Each tooth was imaged at various vertical angles using each of the following modalities: a 3D Accuitomo 170 CBCT, a NewTom 3G CBCT, a VistaScan PSP, a CCD sensor, and conventional film. Specificity and sensitivity for assessing horizontal root fracture by each radiographic technique were calculated. Chi-square statistics were used to evaluate differences between modalities. Kappa statistics assessed the agreement between observers. Results were considered significant at P < 0.05.ResultsThe kappa values for inter-observer agreement between observers ranged between 0.88 and 0.98 for the 3D Accuitomo 170, 0.82 and 0.91 for the NewTom 3G, and 0.61 and 0.72 for the different types of intraoral images. The diagnostic accuracy for detecting fracture lines in 3D Accuitomo 170 (0.93) was significantly higher than NewTom 3G (0.87), VistaScan (0.71), CCD (0.70), and CF (0.68).Conclusions3D Accuitomo 170 has the highest sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy for detecting horizontal root fracture among the 5 radiographic modalities examined. CBCT should be considered as the most reliable imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of horizontal root fracture.Clinical relevanceCBCT imaging offers the clear advantage over conventional imaging that traumatized teeth can be visualized in all three dimensions—especially the oro-facial dimension

A retrospective evaluation of traumatic dental injury in children who applied to the dental hospital, Turkey

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze traumatic dental injuries in children visiting the dental hospital emergency department in Samsun of Turkey, in the period from 2007 to 2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of age, gender, causes of dental trauma, injured teeth, type of dental injuries, the application period, the dental treatments, and traumatic dental injuries according to the seasons were obtained from the records at dental hospital. RESULTS Of all 320 patients with traumatic dental injury, 205 were boys and 115 were girls with a boys/girls ratio 1.78:1. Traumatic dental injury was observed more frequently in the 7-12 age groups: 52.5% in girls and 67.8% in boys. Falls are the major cause of traumatic dental injury in the age group 6-12 (51.4%). Sport activities are a common cause of traumatic dental injury in the 7-12 age group (34.2%). Patients visited a dentist within approximately 2 h (57.1%). The upper anterior teeth were subjected to trauma more frequently than the lower anterior teeth. The maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth, and the mandibular canins were the least affected teeth. In primary teeth, avulsion was the most common type of dental injury (23%); on the other hand, enamel fractures were the most common type of dental injury (30.6%) observed in permanent teeth. In the primary dentition, the most commonly performed treatments were dental examination and prescribing (70%). The most common treatment choices in permanent teeth were restoration and dental examination (49.7 and 15.8%, respectively). CONCLUSION The results of the study show that the emergency intervention to traumatized teeth is important for good prognosis of teeth and oral tissues. Therefore, the parents should be informed about dental trauma in schools, and dental hospital physicians should be subjected to postgraduate training.

A retrospective comparison of dental treatment under general anesthesia on children with and without mental disabilities

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine the properties of the dental procedures performed on children with dental problems under general anesthesia and compared between the patterns of dental treatment provided for intellectual disability and non-cooperate healthy child. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, the records of patients between the ages of 4 and 18 who were treated under general anesthesia were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups: Those with intellectual disability and healthy patients who had difficulty cooperating. A statistical analysis of the mean standard deviation was conducted with a focus on two factors: Age and dental treatment methods. RESULTS In this study, it was observed that restorative treatment and tooth extraction was generally higher in intellectual disability children than in their healthy children. When evaluating the health status of teeth, the value of decayed missing and filled teeth (dmf-t) was observed to be close in healthy and intellectual disability individuals in the 4-6 age groups; it was higher in individuals with intellectual disability in the 7-12 age groups. There was no significant difference in terms of periodontal treatment and fissure sealants in the 12-18 age groups. CONCLUSIONS By comparing the different patient groups who received dental treatment under general anesthesia, both the number of teeth extracted and DMF-T indices were higher in the disabled group. Therefore, especially more efforts should be made at encouraging these patients to visit the dentist earlier and receive primary preventive care.

Comparing the Effect of Different Voxel Resolutions for Assessment of Vertical Root Fracture of Permanent Teeth.

Background: The teeth with undiagnosed vertical root fractures (VRFs) are likely to receive endodontic treatment or retreatment, leading to frustration and inappropriate endodontic therapies. Moreover, many cases of VRFs cannot be diagnosed definitively until the extraction of tooth. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the use of different voxel resolutions of two different cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) units in the detection VRFs in vitro. Materials and Methods: The study material comprised 74 extracted human mandibular single rooted premolar teeth without root fractures that had not undergone any root-canal treatment. Images were obtained by two different CBCT units. Four image sets were obtained as follows: 1) 3D Accuitomo 170, 4 × 4 cm field of view (FOV) (0.080 mm3); 2) 3D Accuitomo 170. 6 × 6 cm FOV (0.125 mm3); 3) NewTom 3G, 6˝ (0.16 mm3) and 4) NewTom 3G, 9˝ FOV (0.25 mm3). Kappa coefficients were calculated to assess both intra- and inter-observer agreements for each image set. Results: No significant differences were found among observers or voxel sizes, with high average Z (Az) results being reported for all groups. Both intra- and inter-observer agreement values were relatively better for 3D Accuitomo 170 images than the images from NewTom 3G. The highest Az and kappa values were obtained with 3D Accuitomo 170, 4 × 4 cm FOV (0.080 mm3) images. Conclusion: No significant differences were found among observers or voxel sizes, with high Az results reported for all groups.

Effects of Er:YAG laser on bond strength of self‐etching adhesives to caries‐affected dentin

The erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser may be effective the bond strength of adhesive systems on dentine surfaces, the chemical composition and aggressiveness of adhesive systems in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Er:YAG laser system with the bonding ability of two different self‐etching adhesives to caries‐affected dentine in primary molars. Ninety mid‐coronal flat dentine surfaces obtained from sound and caries‐affected human primary dentine were treated with an Er:YAG laser or a bur. The prepared surfaces were restored with an adhesive system (Xeno V; Clearfil S3) and a compomer (Dyract Extra). The restored teeth were sectioned with a low‐speed saw and 162 samples were obtained. The bond strength of the adhesive systems was tested using the micro‐tensile test method. The data were statistically analyzed. A restored tooth in each group was processed for scanning electron microscopy evaluation. The values of the highest bond strength were obtained from the Clearfil S3‐Er:YAG laser‐sound dentine group in all groups. (24.57 ± 7.27 MPa) (P > 0.05). The values of the lowest bond strength were obtained from the Xeno V‐Er:YAG laser‐sound dentine group in all groups (11.01 ± 3.89 MPa). It was determined that the Clearfil S3 increased the bond strength on the surface applied with Er:YAG laser according to the Xeno V. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:282–288, 2014.

Do the monomers release from the composite resins after artificial aging

The aim of this study is to measure the effect of thermal cycling on the amount of monomer released from three different composite materials by HPLC analysis method.

Evaluation of bond strength of self-etching adhesives having different pH on primary and permanent teeth dentin

Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dentin shear bond strength of 4 self-etching adhesives having a different pH on primary and permanent teeth dentin. Methods The occlusal enamel was removed from 60 freshly extracted third molar and 60 primary second molar human teeth, which were randomly separated into 4 groups (n = 15). Four adhesive systems were applied: G-Bond (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, pH: 1.5), Futura Bond M (Voco, Cuxhaver, Germany, pH: 1.4), Adper Prompt L-Pop (3M/ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA, pH: 0.8), and Clearfil S3 Bond (Kuraray Medical, Tokyo, Japan, pH: 2.7) according to the manufacturers instructions. After the application of dentin bonding agents, a composite resin material (Z250 Restorative A2, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) for permanent teeth and a compomer resin material (Dyract Extra A2, Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) for primary teeth was applied onto the prepared dentin surfaces. The data were obtained by using a universal test machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Results The mean values were compared using Tukeys multiple comparison test. Although there was no difference between adhesives on the permanent teeth, Clearfil S3 adhesive showed higher bond (18.07 ± 0.58 MPa) (P>0.05). Lower bond strength values were obtained from primary teeth and especially G-Bond adhesive (9.36 ± 0.48 MPa) (P<0.05). Conclusions Self-etching adhesives with different pH and solvent types can be used successfully for permanent teeth dentin but adhesives with low pH did not provide greater shear bond strength values.

Effect of new innovative restorative carbomised glass cement on intrapulpal temperature rise: an ex-vivo study

This study aimed to evaluate the temperature changes that occurred in the pulp chamber when using GCP Glass Carbomer Fill (GCP) and two different resin-modified glass-ionomer (RGI) restorative materials at different dentin thicknesses. A standardized Class I occlusal cavity with 1 mm or 2 mm dentin thickness was prepared in the extracted human molar teeth. RGI and GCP fills were placed in the cavities and cured with two different light-curing units. This study included a total of 120 samples, with 20 samples in each group. The pulp microcirculation method was used for measuring the intrapulpal temperature changes. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD multiple comparison tests. Statistically significant differences were observed between 1 mm and 2 mm dentin thicknesses (p < 0.001). The GCP groups (both 1 mm and 2 mm dentin thicknesses) exhibited higher temperatures than the other groups (p < 0.001), and Fuji II LC and Photac Fil Quick Aplicap showed similar values (p > 0.05). The highest temperature changes were observed with 1 mm dentin thickness. While RGI materials in both dentin thicknesses did not cause temperature changes that were harmful to the pulp, GCP CarboLED LCU caused the highest intrapulpal temperature rise, and these values were borderline harmful to the dental pulp.

Histological evaluation of Ankaferd blood stopper, ferric sulfate and formocresol as pulpotomy agents in rat molars

The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) as a pulpotomy agent in rat molars and to compare it to ferric sulfate (FS) and formocresol (FC). Pulpotomies of 72 rat molar teeth were performed with ABS, FS and FC. Access cavities were sealed with Intermediate Restorative Material. Histological evaluations were conducted at 7, 15 and 30 days post-operatively. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn′s multiple comparison tests. There was no significant difference in inflammatory cell response between groups at 7 and 15 days (P > 0.05). However, at 30 days, a higher density of inflammatory cells was observed in the FC group when compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in hard-tissue formation were observed between groups at any time tested. Based on the histological findings of this study, ABS may be considered an acceptable alternative to FC and FS for primary teeth pulpotomies. Further, clinical research is needed to confirm this finding.

Riga-Fede disease in the upper jaw in an infant

Riga‐Fede disease is a benign and uncommon mucosal disorder. This illness is an ulceration of the oral mucosa and arises from repetitive traumatic injuries. The disease is usually caused by the sharp edges of new erupted teeth. The aim of the present case report is to present Riga‐Fede disease and its treatment. We reported a 11‐month‐old healthy female infant diagnosed as Riga‐Fede disease based on clinical features. After the conservative treatment that focused on eliminating the source of trauma, total healing was observed. Riga‐Fede disease is rare. This illness can be confused with malignancies. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are very important for physicians and patients.