Bilge Cetinkaya Demir

Effect of raloxifene and atorvastatin in atherosclerotic process in ovariectomized rats

Aim:  The goal of this study was to investigate the combined effects of raloxifene and atorvastatin in aged ovariectomized rats during endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic process.

The effects of pregnancy on nasal physiology.

Nasal congestion that is not present before pregnancy represents a distinct clinical entity called pregnancy rhinitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of nasal physiology over the course of pregnancy.

An unusual presentation of a submucous leiomyoma accounting to a non-puerperal uterine inversion: A case report.

Non-puerperal uterine inversion is an extremely rare gynaecological event that is usually associated with uterine tumours such as submucous or cervical leiomyomas. In this report, we describe a case of uterine inversion due to a large submucous leiomyoma in a 42-year-old multiparous and obese Caucasian woman.

Laparoscopic Evacuation of an Early Pregnancy

STUDY OBJECTIVE Minimally invasive surgical procedures have shown significant improvement over the last 20 years. Today, nearly half of the surgeries, including oncology, are performed with minimally invasive methods. In obstetrics and gynecology surgery practice, laparoscopy can now be used in almost all operations. In this video, we performed a laparoscopic evacuation of a 12-week missed abortion case like a cesarean section at the time of bilateral salpingectomy. DESIGN A case report (Canadian Task Force classification III). SETTING A tertiary referral center in Bursa, Turkey. PATIENT A 38-year-old patient. INTERVENTION Laparoscopic evacuation of the pregnancy product (like a cesarean section) and bilateral salpingectomy. The local institutional review board approved the video. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Gravida: 4, parity: 3. The patient was in the 12th week of her gestation when we diagnosed a missed abortion. In situs of the operation, there was a 12-week pregnancy filling the pouch of Douglas. We clipped the uterine arteries bilaterally and retracted the bladder flap to create a safe surgical incision in the low anterior segment of the uterus. We used the monopolar cautery to incise the uterus from superior to inferior similar to the low vertical classic uterine incision in the cesarean section. The abortus material was removed with the laparoscopic endobag, and bilateral salpingectomy was performed. CONCLUSION Developments in minimally invasive surgery are progressing day by day. As advances in laparoscopic and robotic surgery progress, complicated surgical procedures would be done efficiently.

What is the optimal strategy in the management of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes before 32 weeks of gestation

Objective: Our aim was to compare the outcomes of expectant management of pregnancy or immediate delivery in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) between 24+0 and 32+0 weeks of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary medical center. Patients who were diagnosed as having PPROM between 24+0 and 32+0 weeks of gestation were selected from an electronic database. Thirty-one patients with expectant management and 22 patients with spontaneous immediate delivery were analyzed. Birth weight, Apgar score, duration of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), composite adverse outcomes, and mortality rates of groups were compared. Binary logistic regression analysis with backward stepwise elimination was used to determine confounding factors for antenatal complications and neonatal composite adverse outcomes. Results: Gestational age at admission was smaller in the expectant management group. The median latency period was 6 days (range, 2-58 days). Although gestational age at delivery was similar, birth weights were smaller in expectant management group compared with the immediate delivery group (p=0.264 and p<0.05, respectively). Apgar scores, duration in the NICU, composite adverse outcomes, and neonatal mortality rates were similar in each group. Antenatal complication in the expectant management group was higher (p<0.05). Gestational age at delivery and serum C-reactive protein levels were two confounding factors for antenatal complication and gestational age at delivery was the only factor affecting composite adverse outcome. Conclusion: Expectant management in patients with PPROM at 24 to 32 gestational weeks might be considered as a good alternative.

Comment on "Retained Placenta Accreta Mimicking Choriocarcinoma".

We read the presented case of retained invasive placenta mimicked gestational choriocarcinoma (GCC) with an enthusiasm [1]. We thought if this is a case of GCC, which sign should be the leading sign. The clinical diagnosis of GCC is challenging in most of the cases. The predominant symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin beta (β-hCG) measurement and doppler ultrasonography examination are the leading diagnostic work-ups. Contrast-enhanced MRI is also useful for detecting an abundant blood flow in the tumor. In this case, authors did not consider to use MRI study. The authors demonstrated a serum β-hCG level of 203 IU/L, which is unlikely in cases with GCC. One should expect β-hCG measurements exceeding 100.000 IU/L in GCC [2]. This finding decrease its likelihood to be a GCC. Instead of a GCC, authors could compose their theory on the other types of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, which are placental site trophoblastic tumor, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, or placental site nodule. Additionally, although the authors demonstrated increased vascularity on doppler ultrasonography, the color flow pattern was seen just at the uteroplacental contiguity, not all around the mass. The presented case was a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy in a nulliparous pregnant woman with 2 previous first trimester curettage operations. Authors said that the third stage of labor was complicated by retained placenta, and placentas were extracted manually and with banjo curettage under ultrasound guidance. It is possible that one of the placentas or a cotyledon was retained, was left in situ, and was not perceived during elimination process towards the placenta. In our opinion, considering the suggested findings, this case is a typical presentation of a case of morbidly adherent placenta. It would be improper to build up a theory upon findings which does not meet the GTN criteria exactly, and it would be improper to make a preliminary diagnosis of GCC in this unique case.

Cutaneous Fistulization of an Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma: An Unusual Occurrence.

A bilobulated mature cystic teratoma (MCT) at the left ovary measuring 6 cm in diameter fistulized to the left lower quadrant of the anterior abdominal wall, contralateral to McBurneys point. This is the first reported case of a MCT fistulized to the skin. Symptoms, if present, usually depend on the size of the teratoma. However, most patients with a MCT are asymptomatic. Complications such as rupture of the cyst capsule are quite rare. Moreover, complication of fistulization is highly infrequent.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Relationship between bile acid levels and maternal and fetal complications

Objective: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) complicates pregnancies which is characterized by elevated serum bile acid levels. ICP increases maternal and fetal morbidities. This study was designed to determine the association of maternal and fetal complications and serum bile acid levels. Material and method: Maternal and fetal characteristics were analyzed from the medical records of 61 patients who gave birth following a pregnancy complicated with ICP between 2009 and 2013. Results: Eighty seven percent of 61 cases were singletons, and 13% of them were twins. Mean SBA level was 36 μmol/L. Preterm birth rate among singletons and twin pregnancies were 24.5% and 62.5%, respectively. Mean SBA level in preterm birth group was statistically higher with respect to the term birth group (100.8 μmol/L and 25.61 μmol/L, respectively; p=0.001). No perinatal mortality associated with ICP was detected in the study group. Conclusion: Pregnant women with the ICP compose high-risk group in regard to fetal and maternal risks. Close follow-up of these patients is required due to increased risks such as preterm delivery, meconium staining and fetal death.