Binod Prasad Luitel

First Report of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium proliferatum on Safflower

annual plant of the family Asteraceae. Safflower has been widely cultivated in Korea, India, China, Egypt, Southern Europe, North America, and Australia (Lee, 1980). Safflower seeds contain α-linoleic acid, which used as cooking oil and clinically for the treatment of cataclasis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis in Korea (Kang et al., 1999; Kim, 1992; Lee et al., 2002). In addition, its flower has been utilized for folk medicine as an analgesic, antithrombotic and antihypertensive crude drug, as well as natural dye and food colorants (Han, 1988). It has been reported that main pathogens on safflower are Alternaria alternata (leaf spot), Botrytis cinerea (gray mold), Colletotrichum acutatum (Anthracnose), Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt), Phytophthora cactorum (Phytophthora root rot), Puccinia carthami (rust), Sclerotium rolfsii (collar rot), and Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) worldwide (Farr and Rossman, 2016). Recently, we observed wilt symptoms on safflower grown in green house in Jeonju, Korea, thus leading to identify the causal agent of the wilt disease in this study.

First Report on Pink Rot of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Caused by Trichothecium roseum in Korea

년생 초본식물로 북아메리카 중·서부 지역이 원산지이다 (Heiser, 1951). 땅콩, 콩, 유채 등과 더불어 4대 유지작물 중의 하나로 해바라기씨에는 지방유, 필수아미노산이 풍부하여 혈액순환을 도와주며 비타민 함량이 많아 영양학적으로 우수한 식품으로 권장된다(Baudet과 Mossé, 1977; Škorić 등, 2008; Warner, 2005). 세계적으로 해바라기에서 발병되는 주요 병원으로는 풋 마름병(Ralstonia solanacearum), 검은무늬병(Alternaria spp.), 잿빛곰팡이병(Botrytis cinerea), 노균병(Plasmopara spp.), 녹 병(Puccinia helianthi), 균핵병(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), 잎마름 병(Septoria helianthi), 흰가루병(Sphaerotheca fusca) 등이 있 다(Farr과 Rossman, 2016). 해바라기 재배포장에서 해바라기 꽃 부분이 감염이 되어 화뢰(head) 부분이 갈변되었으며 줄기까지 퍼져서 검게 변 하였다. 병든 화뢰의 종자로부터 병원균을 순수분리하여 균주를 분리하였으며, 해바라기에 인공접종하여 병원성을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 해바라기에서 종자의 썩음 병을 일으키는 병의 병징, 균학적 특징, 병원성 검정 및 염기 서열 분석결과를 보고하고자 한다.

Screening of Pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) Germplasm for Resistance to Powdery Mildew at Various Stages of Seedlings Growth

Powdery mildew is one of the world’s most widespread and damaging diseases of cucurbits (Kousik et al., 2008). It is caused by several species of the Erysiphaceae including Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fulginea) (McGrath and Thomas, 1996; Thomas et al., 1984). This disease acts as a sink for plant photosynthates causing reduction in plant growth, premature foliage loss, and consequently a reduction in yield. The yield loss is proportional to the severity of the disease and the length of time that plants have been infected (Mossler and Nesheim, 2005). It also results the reduced vigor of the seedlings and death of the seedlings in some instances (Kousik et al., 2008). In Korea, S. fuliginea is the most prevalent pathogen of powdery mildew in cucurbits (Shin, 2000). To date, seven races of P. xanthii (syn. S. fuliginea) have been identified using melon (Cucumis melo L.) differentials (Cohen et al., 2004; Pitrat et al., 1998; Thomas et al., 1984). Variability within races 1 and 2 in P. xanthii populations was described using 32 melon cultigens with the potential for the existence of 28 races (McCreight, 2006). Physiological races of this pathogen have not been classified for other cucurbits because of the lack of differentials and fully resistant germplasm (Cohen et al., 2004). A powdery mildew isolate from one cucurbit can infect all other tested cucurbit spp. (Hammett, 1977) and Cohen et al. (2004) has provided detail description of the cucurbit powdery mildew pathogen and race classification system. In the past, screening and selection studies against powResearch Article Open Access Res. Plant Dis. 22(3): 133-144 (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2016.22.3.133