Bolanle Williams

Inactivation of viruses in blood with aluminum phthalocyanine derivatives

The inactivation of viruses added to whole blood and a red cell concentrate with aluminum phthalocyanine and its sulfonated derivatives was studied. A cell‐free form of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), used as a model, was completely inactivated (greater than 10(4) infectious units; TCID50) on treatment of whole blood with 10 microM (10 mumol/L) aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AIPs) and visible light dosage of 88 to 176 J per cm2. At 44 J per cm2, complete VSV inactivation was achieved on raising the concentration of AIPc to 25 microM (25 mumol/L). Results at least as good were achieved on similar treatment of a red cell concentrate. Also inactivated were a cell‐associated form of VSV and both cell‐free and cell‐associated forms of human immunodeficiency virus; encephalomyocarditis virus, used as a model for non‐lipid‐enveloped viruses, was not inactivated by this procedure. This inactivation of cell‐free VSV suggests that a similar degree of inactivation could be achieved with a lower concentration of the sulfonated forms of aluminum phthalocyanine. Throughout the above studies, red cell integrity was well maintained, as judged by the absence of hemoglobin release (less than or equal to 2%) during the course of treatment or on subsequent storage. Red cell osmotic fragility was decreased on treatment of whole blood with AIPc. This study indicates that AIPc may be a promising method for the inactivation of viruses in cellular blood products.

High-Temperature Short-Time Heat Inactivation of HIV and Other Viruses in Human Blood Plasma

An ultra‐short‐time heating system was used to process blood plasma spiked with various viruses (HIV, vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus). Virus reduction and recovery of plasma proteins were measured at various temperatures from 65 to 85 °C. Processing at 77 °C and 0.006 s resulted in a high level of virus kill, including ≥ 4.4 log10 HIV, while maintaining protein structure and activity essentially intact.