Bollikonda Satyanarayana

Identification, synthesis, isolation and spectral characterization of potential impurities of montelukast sodium

During the process development of montelukast sodium, three polar impurities and one non-polar impurity with respect to montelukast sodium were detected by simple reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Initially, all the four impurities were identified by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data and out of four impurities, three have been prepared by the synthetic method and remaining one is isolated by preparative HPLC. Based on the spectral data (IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and MS), the structure of these impurities 1-4 were characterised as 1-[[[(1R)-1-[3-[(1E)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]thio]methyl]cyclopropane acetamide (impurity-1), {1-[1-{3-[2-(7-chloro-quinolin-2-yl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-3-(2-isopropenyl-phenyl)-propylsulfanylmethyl]-cyclopropyl}-acetic acid (impurity-2), 1-[[[(1R)-1-[3-[(1E)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethyl]phenyl-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]thio]methyl]cyclopropaneacetic acid (impurity-3) and 1-[[[(1R)-1-[3-[(1E)-2-(2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]thio]methyl]cyclopropaneacetic acid (impurity-4).

Improved Synthesis of Irbesartan, an Antihypertensive Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

Abstract An improved synthesis of the antihypertensive drug irbesartan, based on the Suzuki reaction, has been described.

New Synthesis of Analogues of the Antihypertensive Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Irbesartan

Abstract A simple and new synthetic approach to various analogues of Irbesartan is described. DRL Pub. No. IPDO‐IPM 00018

A NEW ENTRY TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT, IRBESARTAN AND ITS ANALOGUES

A new synthesis of Irbesartan, an antihypertensive active pharmaceutical ingredient and its analogues is reported.

New and Improved Synthesis of Montelukast, an Anti‐asthmatic Drug

Abstract A new industrially viable synthesis of Montelukast, an anti‐asthmatic drug, is described.

New and Practical Synthesis of Montelukast Sodium, an Antiasthmatic Drug

Abstract A new and practical synthesis of montelukast sodium, an antiasthmatic drug, is described. The key steps are the synthesis of nitrile derivative 4 by chiral reduction of keto ester 9 using (−)-DIP-Cl, synthesis of vinylquinoline framework 16 by Wittig reaction, and Heck coupling of nitrile 4 with vinylquinoline 16. The method is operationally simple and suitable for the industrial production of the drug substance. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publishers online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Impurity Profile Study of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, an Antipsychotic Drug Substance

Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a phenyl ethylamine derivative, used for the treatment of depression. During the process development of venlafaxine hydrochloride, six process-related potential impurities were detected in high-performance liquid chromatography. All these impurities were identified, synthesized, and subsequently characterized by their respective spectral data (IR, mass, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR) as described in this article.

Synthesis and Characterization of Related Compounds of Aripiprazole, an Antipsychotic Drug Substance

Abstract Three related compounds of aripiprazole were identified during the synthesis. These related compounds were synthesized and characterized by their respective spectral data.

Comparitive clinical study on the efficacy of jaloukavacharana in the management of Dusta vrana w.s.r. venous ulcer

Malnutrition is India’s silent emergency and among India’s greatest human development challenges. Although India has seen strong economic growth over the past 20 years, malnutrition in children under five years of age continues to be among the highest in the world. Rates of malnutrition among India’s children are almost five times more than in China, and twice those in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nearly half of all India’s children approximately 60 million are underweight, about 45% are stunted (too short for their age), 20% are wasted (too thin for their height, indicating acute malnutrition), 75% are anemic, and 57% are Vitamin A deficient. Malnutrition affects children’s chances of survival, increases their susceptibility to illness, reduces their ability to learn, increases their chances of dropping out early from school, and makes them less productive in later life. Much of this undernourishment happens during pregnancy and in the first two years of a child’s life and, without appropriate interventions, the damage to brain development and future economic productivity is largely irreversible. Can we stop this Silent Emergency of India? Biography Dipali Kendre, Sonali Fere, Rajnandani Ingale & Pooja Jadhav are Second year BHMS students from V.K. Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Latur, under Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik.Aging is believed to be a first-order risk factor for most neurodegenerative disorders. Brain changes do not occur to the same extent in all brain regions.7 Men and women may also differ with frontal and temporal lobes most affected in men compared with the hippocampus and parietal lobes in women. The neurotransmitters most often discussed with regard to ageing are dopamine, serotonin and acetyl-choline. Vestibular stimulation modulates the neuro-transmitters which are involved in brain aging and delay aging. Hence we recommend controlled vestibular stimulation to all. This in the need of time to identify the importance of vestibular system and to start translational research in this area.H is a life-style disorder. Hypertension causes 6% of death worldwide. Data from prospective observational studies and from randomised control of antihypertensive agent have shown a consistent continuous linear relation between usual blood pressure level and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Hypertension is commonly taken as prolong and excess of tension and stress caused by blood on arteries. It is an elevated arterial pressure level >140/90 mm of Hg. Though few theories are proposed for the hypertension still the etiopathogeneis of hypertension is not crystal clear. Scatted references are available in ayurvedic literature indicative of etio-pathogenesis and complications of hypertension. Hypertension is Tridoshaja Vata-pitta pradhan disorder with Dusthi of Rasa, Rakta, meda. The causative factor for Rakta and Rasa Dusthi are excessive intake of salt, alcoholic beverages, fatty diet and worries, which are similar to the causes of hypertension. The clinical picture of Rakta Dusthi includes bhrama, Daha, Shirashool similar to that of clinical features of hypertension. In hypertension there is increased resistance to the flow of blood in arteries resulting into increase pressure over arterial wall this indicates towards the involvement of Vata, Raktavha srotasa and Rasa-Rakta Dusthi and Pitta. Arteriosclerosis is indicative of Dhamani pratichaya which is one of the Kaphaja Nanatmaja Vikara this indicates the involvement of Kapha and Medo Dhatu in Samprapti of hypertension. The details of understanding of etiopathogenesis, symptomatology, complication of hypertension and its line of treatment according to Ayurveda will be presented in full paper during seminar. Ujwala Hivale et al., Altern Integ Med 2013, 2:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.S1.003F is an important factor for male and female in life. In our day to day life, the stress and strain are the causes of male infertility. Spermatogenesis was suppressed at all the stages of cell division and maturity due to stress. Many natural nontoxic herbs were found to enhance the fertility in male. This study involves the effect of the herbs, Cycas circinalis and Ionidium suffruticosum in improving the fertility of stress induced male albino rats. A total of 50 healthy young male albino rats (1012 weeks) were selected and are subjected to cold water swimming stress for 10 minutes, a day for a period of one month to check the stress induced status and serum corticosterone was analyzed. Cycas and Ionidium extract 200 mg/kg body weight were administered orally to the experimental albino rats E-1 (n=10) and E-2 (n=10) respectively and compared to the positive control albino rats C-1 (n=10) administered with testosterone 10 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously, biweekly with that of the stressed control rats C-2 (n=10) using various parameters such as sexual behaviour, weight of animals, dimension of testes, hormonal and semen analysis, histological analysis of testes and histomorphometry of testes. The drug’s efficacy was proved by the restitution of fertility by comparing with the normal fertile controls C-3 (n=10). The administration of the drug showed significant improvement in all the parameters in experimental rats when compared to control rats. The herb was found to be effective on the gonads of stress induced sterile male albino rats. B. Senthil Kumar et al., Altern Integ Med 2013, 2:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.S1.003Based on clinical signs and symptoms psoriasis can be compared to ekakushta in Ayurveda. Ekakushta is one of the kshudra kushta (obstinate skin disease) characterized by unhydrosis, patches wide-spreaded with fishy silvery scales. Though several drugs are in practice for the treatment of psoriasis, still cure or better relief is awaited destiny on the other hand these medications are associated with severe side effects. Whereas Ayurveda emphasises treatment of disease in holistic approach particularly correcting the root cause through samshodhana (panchakarma), specifically for skin diseases like psoriasis, vamana (therapeutic emesis), virechana (therapeutic purgation) is advised. In clinical practice repeated administration of these therapies showed significant improvement. The present case was a male subject aged 19 yrs suffering with Guttate type of psoriasis since four years. To whom classical virechana karma was administered in a methodic way. This has shown improvement, scaling, discolouration, elevated patches and itching were reduced. Now, the patient is under observation with simple oral medication. The case study with treatment in detail will be presented during the seminar.Over Recent years advancement in nanoparticles drug delivery is widely expected to change the landscape of pharmaceutical industries for the foreseeable future. Nanotechnologies have become a significant priority worldwide. Several manufactured nanoparticles - particles with one dimension less than 100 nm – are increasingly used in consumer products. At nanosize range, the properties of materials differ substantially from bulk materials of the same composition, mostly due to the increased specific surface area and reactivity, which may lead to increased bioavailability and toxicity. Thus, for the assessment of sustainability of nanotechnologies, methods of manufacturing Nanoparticles, properties have to be studied. Despite all the above mentioned, the data on the potential environmental effects of nanoparticles are rare. The pipelines of pharmaceutical companies are believed to be drying up in many cases, and a number of blockbuster drugs will come off patent in the near-term. Using nanoparticles, it may be possible to achieve improved delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs by delivering drug in small particle size increase the total surface area of the drugs allowing faster dissolution in blood stream. Faster the dissolution translates in to faster absorption by human body targeted delivery of drugs in a cell- or tissue-specific manner. A nanoparticle has emerged as a promising strategy for the efficient delivery of drugs used for the treatment of some diseases by specific targeting. These carriers are designed in such a way that they are independent in the environments and selective at the pharmacological site. The formation of nanoparticle and physiochemical parameters such as pH, monomer concentration, ionic strength as well as surface charge, particle size and molecular weight are important for drug delivery. Further, these nanoparticles have the capability to reverse multidrug resistance a major problem in chemotherapy. Well-established therapies commonly employed in cancer treatment include surgery, Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. This mini-review is summarizing the information on different methods of manufacturing nanoparticles, focusing on its properties and biological transport.P acids are important active components in traditional medicines with different chemical structures and characters. Ferulic acid is a major phenolic acid found in numerous plant species. Because of the presence of phenolic group, it acts as a natural antioxidant, free radical scavenger and metal chelator, and could bind to enzymes and other multi subunit proteins, and modify their structure and function. Alpha-2-macroglobulin is a large glycoprotein present in the plasma as well as extravascular fluids of vertebrates. It is one of the major antiproteinases capable of inhibiting virtually any proteinase of any origin. Apart from being a major antiproteinase, α2M has many other diversified and complex functions, such as, binding, transportation and targeting. In the present study, effect of ferulic acid was observed on the structure of sheep α2M using various spectroscopy techniques, such as UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). With the help of UV and fluorescence spectroscopy, it was found that the conformation of antiproteinase has been changed due to the α2M-ferulic acid combination. CD and FTIR studies also revealed a change in secondary and tertiary structure of α2M in the presence of ferulic acid. From the results of these techniques, binding mode was discussed. Ahmed Abdur Rehman et al., Altern Integ Med 2013, 2:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.S1.003Cisplatin (CP; cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II) is a major antineoplastic drug effective against a broad spectrum of malignancies. Patients receiving CP, however, experience very profound and long lasting gastrointestinal symptoms. Nigella sativa seeds/oil have been used in a wide range of gastrointestinal disorders. In view of this, the present study investigates the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on CP-induced adverse biochemical alterations in the small intestine of rat. Rats were divided into four groups, the CP+NSO and NSO groups were administered NSO (2ml/kg b.wt orally), with or without single dose of CP treatment (6mg/kg b. wt. i.p) respectively. Serum parameters, activities of brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes and various oxidative stress parameters were analysed in mucosal homogenates and/or brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). CP treatment caused significant decline in the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γglutamyltransferase (GGTase), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and sucrase both in the mucosal homogenates and in the isolated brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). However, the CP induced decrease in the activities of ALP, GGTase, LAP and sucrase was significantly prevented when CP treatment was extended to NSO administered rats. Lipid peroxidation and total sulfhydryl groups were altered upon CP treatment. CP significantly decreased the activities of SOD, catalase, GSH-Px, GR and TR. The CP induced changes in the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, GR and TR were ameliorated when CP treatment was given to NSO fed rats. The results suggest that NSO owing to its intrinsic biochemical/antioxidant properties enhanced resistance to CP elicited adverse gastrointestinal effects.M are part of a greater “sacred physiology”, that maps out the body according to subtle energy currents and power points which when manipulated can alter both the organic functions and structural conditions of the body. In Ayurveda, marmas which are used for the diagnosis and treatment of disease are basically pressure points meaning “vulnerable” or “sensitive zones” can also be used for promoting health and longevity. Various medical methods are identified of treating marmas like abhyanga (massage), aroma therapy, mardana, pranic healing, application of lepas, herbal treatments and various instrumental methods which can be helpful in treating pain, bleeding, swelling, restoring vital energy, etc. It can be used to balance the doshas, to increase agni (the digestive fire), for detoxification (reduce ama), as well as to promote vigour (vajikarana) and aid in rejuvenation (rasayana). These methods can be supplementary to other ayurvedic therapies, whether constitutional or disease focused, applied along with them for added enhancement.