Bonnie G. Smith

Environmental Influences on Tonic Immobility in Three- and Seven-Day-Old Chicks ( Gallus gallus )

Tonic immobility was induced in 3- and 7-day-old chicks by a ventral restraint procedure in the presence of familiar or unfamiliar geometric shapes or blank test box walls. Older chicks exhibited longer immobility reactions, fewer spontaneous terminations, and deeper stages of immobility in all test conditions. Younger chicks responded selectively to environmental test conditions, showing attenuated response in the presence of familiar shapes and stronger reactions to unfamiliar shapes. Results were discussed in terms of differential fearfulness as a function of age-related experience.

The Struggle for Australian History

Dixson, Miriam The Real Matilda: Women and Identity in Australia 1788 to the Present Ferres, Kay (ed.) The Time to Write: Australian Women Writers 1890–1930 Grimshaw, Patricia, Lake, Marilyn, McGrath, Ann and Quartly, Marian Creating a Nation 1788–1990 Summers, Anne Damned Whores and God’s Police Robinson, Portia The Women of Botany Bay

Conclusion: Understanding Women Historians’ Lives and Scholarly Reputations Both Within and Outside the Academy

Women historians from Western Europe and the United States produced massive amounts of diverse history in the modern period. They did so as amateurs and occasionally, if ever more frequently, as members of university faculties. Many were committed politically to feminism, others to radical or conservative politics. Virtually all of them showed an extraordinary commitment to writing history, often overcoming financial difficulties and impediments to accessing sources. Their histories ranged from investigating the centuries-old paradoxes in women’s legal position to researching nineteenth-century neurotic men or chronicling the Thirty Years War. This collection of biographies has demonstrated the extraordinary range of personalities, life and scholarly trajectories, and historical thought among these historians.

The Open Boundary of History and Fiction. A Critical Approach to the French Enlightenment.

The Description for this book, The Open Boundary of History and Fiction: A Critical Approach to the French Enlightenment, will be forthcoming.