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Prenatal and postnatal maternal smoking as risk factors for preschool children's mental health

Aim: To identify maternal prenatal and postnatal smoking as risk factors for psychosocial behaviour problems in Swedish preschool children. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal population study compared mothers’ self‐reported smoking during pregnancy and when the child was 3 mo old with behaviour problems according to Achenbachs Child Behavior Checklist at 3 y (1428 children) and 5.5 y of age (677 of the children). Results: 16% of the mothers smoked during pregnancy and the same number after the birth of the child. Controlling for possible confounding variables, maternal smoking was significantly related to externalizing problems, aggressive behaviour, and destructive/delinquent behaviour both at 3 y and 5.5 y. The effect was as strong for girls as for boys. Length and weight were lower for children of smoking mothers than for children of non‐smoking mothers.

Sense of Coherence in a Thai Sample

This is the first large epidemiological study of the Sense of Coherence concept carried out in a non-western culture. One adult from each of 456 families living in northern Thailand filled in the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC) and checklists measuring anxiety, depression and self-esteem. The mean value for SOC was comparable with western studies. High SOC was related to high self-esteem and low distress scores in the parents. The same associations were found between parental SOC and the perceived competence and behaviour problems of the children. High SOC acted as a protective factor in high socio-economic stress situations.

Barnpsykiatrisk slutenvård i två län, psykosociala bakgrundsfaktorer, vårddata och metodbeskrivning

Jaensson C, Brunnander E. Boden P-G, Cederblad, M, Hook B. von Knorring A-L. Barnpsykiatrisk slutenvird i tva lan, psykosociala bakgrundsfaktorer. varddata och metodbeskrivning.This is the first part of a study describing a sample of 375 children and adolescents in residential and day-care treatment 1978-79 and 1982-84. It deals with method and background data. In the study, a standardized journal, two standardized interviews and DSM III diagnoses from medical records have been taken into consideration. Most of the patients in residential treatment are teenagers. There are very few preschool children. Up to 12 years of age, there are more boys than girls and from 15 years and upwards girls are in the majority. Compared to a normal population, in-patients are more likely to come from families with a single parent, a step parent, adoptive parents or foster parents. Patients in contact with a divorced parent have more problems than the ordinary child with a divorced parent. Children given residential child p...

Barnpsykiatrisk slutenvård i två lan, en jämförelse

Jaensson C, Brunnander E. Boden P-G, Cederblad M, Hook B, von Knorring A-L. Barnpsykiatrisk slutenvaed i tva lan, en jamforelse.This is part of a study describing + sample of children and adolescents in residential treatment in two counties in Sweden: Ostergotland which has a child psychiatric clinic with four beds, a day treatment and six outpatient departments, and Gavleborg, which has a clinic with fifteen beds and one outpatient department. The present report compares child psychiatry and its effects in these counties. A standardized record. two standardized interviews and DSM III-diagnoses from medical records were included in the study.The patients in the county of Ostergotland have more frequent and severe symptoms, longer treatment periods and often have more than one residential stay. Affective bipolar disorders are more common in Ostergotland due to older patients. Most of the patients in Gavleborg have residential treatment mainly for tests or observation, while in Ostergotland almost half of t...

Barnpsykiatrisk slutenvård i två Iän Reduktion av platsantalet i Östergötland, effekt på klientelsammansättdng och vårdkonsumtion

This report describes part of a larger study comprising 375 children and adolescents hospitalized at the child psychiatric clinic in Linkoping in 1978-1979 and in Linkoping and Gavle between September 1st, 1982 and August 31st. 1984. The article describes the changes caused by a reduction of beds at the clinic in Linkoping from 22 to 4 plus 8 day-care facilities combined with optional » night-foster care homes «. The 192 admissions in 1978-1979 before the reorganization in 1980 were studied retrospectively and the 126 admissions in 1982-1984 were studied prospectively. The case records, standardized interviews with parents and teenagers, and DSM 111 diagnoses were utilized. Admissions decreased one third after the reorganization. The number of children with conduct disorders or alcohol/drug addiction decreased by two-thirds, while the proportion of patients with psychoses increased. Younger patients, especially those with conduct disorders or anxiety syndromes, were admitted to the day care unit, sometime...

Barnpsykiatrisk slutenvård i två län: Beteendestömingar och uppmärksamhetsstörningar

Jaensson C., Brunnander E., Boden P-G, Cederblad M. Hook B, von Knorring A-L. Barnpsykiatrisk slutenvard i tva Ian: Beteendestorningar och uppmarksamhetsstorningar.This section is part of a study describing a sample of 335 children and adolescents in residential treatment during the periods 1978-79 and 1982-84. The report deals with the patients with attention deficit disorders (ADD: 8% of the total group) and conduct disorders (CD: 19%). The two diagnosis groups have many symptoms in common. One difference is that the patients with CD more often have symptoms of asocial behavior. The ADD patients are mostly boys of young age. The CD patients have often been exposed to psycho-social stress. The patients of both groups have a low level of adaptive function the year before residential treatment. The ADD patients often enter residential treatment for observation and are mostly treated indirectly, which means advice to teachers, etc. The patients of the CD group often enter residential treatment for social re...

Factor structure of child behaviour symptoms in a Swedish sample

The stability of a factor structure of child behaviour problems over different instruments, informants, sources of items, methods of analyses, samples, and countries is of substantial importance. The behavioural and emotional problems of 948 Swedish children were investigated by means of interviews with parents and/or teachers. A factor structure was derived with stability over different samples and methods of analyses and substantial relationships to DSM-III diagnoses. When the structure was compared both for content and empirically with that of Achenbachs Child Behavior Checklist, considerable similarities were found both for broad-band and narrow-band syndromes, strongly supporting the generality of this structure.

Barnpsykiatrisk slutenvård i två Iän: Ångestsyndrom

This paper is part of a study describing a sample of 335 children and adolescents in residential treatment during 1978–79 and 1982–84. It deals with the patients classified as having anxiety disorders of childhood or adolscence and adjustment disorders. Fifty-one patients (15%) were given these diagnoses. They were younger than the other groups, to a large extent owing to the girls, who were nearly 2 years younger. Half of the anxiety patients were less than 14 years of age. The group of patients with adjustment disorders seldom lived with both their biologic parents and had high scores in psychosocial stress, compared with the rest of the material. The anxiety patients had a better adaptive function, according to DSM III, than the other patients. They had more contact with outpatient care before the residential treatment period, and the admission was more often planned in advance. All these patients had difficulties with their parent and peer relations. The youngsters in the two anxiety groups were reser...