Bozidar Jovanovic

Ectopic mammary tissue in vulva.

BACKGROUND Ectopic mammary gland tissue is a residual tissue that persists during the embryologic development along ectodermal primitive milk streaks. Incomplete involution anywhere along the primitive milk streak can result in accessory or ectopic mammary tissue. CASE REPORT A woman, 27-year old, admitted to Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Kragujevac for surgery, of goose-egg size, vulva tumor, of elastic consistency. Menarche started in 12 years of age, with the regular menstrual cycle, without previous gyneocological diseases. The woman had one pregnancy terminated by cesarean section because of the multiple (twin) pregnancy. Excision of the tumor was completely done in the total endotracheal anesthesia. Pathohistologic (PH) findings was: Dysplasia fibrosa cystica simplex mammae, with focuses of sclerosing adenosis. Expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were positive. CONCLUSION Ectopic mammary tissue in vulva in adult period is very rarely seen, and can be changed pathologically as well as normally positioned breast tissue into benign cystic changes, benign tumors, adenomas and fibroadenomas and tumors. Cells with low ER/PR receptor level grow independently of estrogene stimulation and they could be resistant to hormonal therapy effects.

Decidual transformation in adenomyosis during pregnancy as an indication for hysterectomy

INTRODUCTION Incidence of adenomyosis is estimated on 20% in all of extracted uteruses. Clinically, it usually exists asymptomatically, but could be followed with dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia and pelvic pain. One third of patients with adenomyosis are sterile, however in other two thirds, conception and pregnancy could have normal development, with delivery without complications. One of possible complications related to adenomyosis is rupture of uterus during delivery. CASE REPORT A pregnant woman at the end of the 10th lunar month of pregnancy, showed minimal labour contractions, following amnion rupture and the delivery was terminated by section ceasar. Subtotal hysterectomy was performed because of concominant profuse bleeding. Myometrium was occupied with decidual cells in trabecular arrangement, among which elongated endometrial glands were placed. Surrounding muscle fascicles showed atrophic, apoptic, and occasionally necrotic changes. Myometrial stroma was edematous, and infiltrated with mesenchymal cells, as well as with adipose cells, which were extending toward serosa. DISCUSSION The patient had been receiving treatment, for a long period, because of sterility without clear etiological factor. A small number of similar cases ends with complications. Here, it is evident that abundant decidual transformation of stromal cells in adenomiosis leads to atrophy and necrosis of muscle cells. The reduction of uterine muscle mass causes atony and threating rupture, through separation of muscle cells, and therefore the absence of their synchronized contractions. CONCLUSION Atony of uterine muscle could be caused by decidual transformation in adenomyosal fields, atrophy of muscle fascicles, edema of the stroma, mesenchymal transformation, and fibrosis. This leads to a decrease in myometrial contractions, and prolonged postpartal bleeding.