Brian J. Sharkey

Note on some physiological and subjective reactions to exercise and training.

Progressive exercise training on the treadmill seemed to reduce both the catecholamine excretion and the subjective effort ratings associated with the exercise for 5 Ss.

Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Training at Specified Intensities

Abstract Sixteen college men were randomly divided into three training groups and one control group in a study of selected cardiorespiratory adaptations to six weeks of training exercises eliciting either 120, 150, or 180 heart rates. Training consisted of walking on the motor driven treadmill for 10 min. a day, 3 days per week. Highly significant differences were found in the analysis of pre-post Balke treadmill test scores. The Astrand-Ryhming nomogram prediction of aerobic capacity also showed highly significant changes due to training. Analysis of group differences revealed that the 180 training groups improvement was significantly different from all other groups in both tests. The 150 group was found to be significantly different from the 120 and control groups in the Balke test analysis. No changes were noted in resting pulse rate nor in the pulse rate—oxygen consumption relationship. However, there were small positive differences in the grade required to elicit the training heart rates. The study ...

Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Training at Specified Frequencies

Abstract Twenty young male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four training groups or a control group in a study of the effect of various training frequencies on cardiorespiratory endurance. Training consisted of treadmill running at a rate of seven miles per hour for a ten-minute period. As each subject completed a ten-minute run the grade was increased one percent for the next training period. The group trained for one, two, three or five days per week for five weeks. Improvement was measured by pre- and post-administration of the Balke treadmill test, the Astrand-Ryhming (A-R) test of physical fitness, the Taylor, Buskirk and Henschel test of maximal oxygen intake, and by maintaining a record of the number of training sessions completed. While the Balke test indicated significantly greater improvement for those in the five-day group, the other methods of measurement favored either the two- or three-day groups. Pre-training correlations among the three tests indicated that the A-R test was sign...

A Physiological Comparison of Static and Phasic Exercise

Abstract Five subjects were tested three times in each of three static and three phasic work tests involving leg extensions in the semi-reclining position. Oxygen uptake, net oxygen consumption, ventilation rate, pulse rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were consistently higher in phasic work than in static effort with a comparable resistance. The patterns of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate response and recovery did not seem to differ in the two modes of work. While the ventilation rate—oxygen uptake relationship was similar in both forms of effort, the pulse rate—oxygen uptake relationship differed in that the static pulse exceeded the phasic rate at a comparable level of oxygen uptake.

Inhalation of Oxygen as an Aid to Recovery after Exertion

Abstract Twelve young men including six trained endurance runners and six non-runners, were tested once in each of three treatment situations to determine the effectiveness of oxygen inhalation as an aid to recovery. The exercise test involved two runs of 5 min. each on a motor-driven treadmill. The treadmill was set at level grade and a speed of 8mph. After the first run, one of the treatments was administered. The treatments consisted of oxygen, a placebo tank of compressed atmospheric air, and ordinary atmospheric air. Immediately after a 1-min. inhalation period, the second 5-min. run followed. Heart rates were monitored throughout the testing period, and recovery oxygen consumption and ventilation rate were measured after the second run. The inhalation of oxygen did not appear to be of any physiological aid to recovery. Although not of statistical significance, larger pulse decreases were recorded on the non-runners during the inhalation of oxygen. Exercise pulse rates indicated that the exercise tes...

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF WILDERNESS BACKPACKERS

72 college men served as Ss in a study conducted to compare wilderness backpackers and non-backpacker non-wilderness users in regard to strength and physical fitness and attitudes toward physical activity. No significant differences were found for strength and fitness. However, the backpackers scored significantly higher on two attitude scales, vertigo and health and fitness. Also, the groups differed in the hierarchical ordering of the attitude scales. Non-backpackers rated the social value of physical activity above all others while the backpackers ranked that subtest fifth in the list of six scales.