Bruce D. Hansen

Increased Surface Fatigue Lives of Spur Gears by Application of a Coating

ABSTRACT Hard coatings have potential for increasing gear surface fatigue lives. Experiments were conducted using gears both with and without a metal-containing, carbon-based coating. The gears were case-carburized AISI 9310 steel spur gears. Some gears were provided with the coating by magnetron sputtering. Lives were evaluated by accelerated life tests. For uncoated gears, all of fifteen tests resulted in fatigue failure before completing 275 million revolutions. For coated gears, eleven of the fourteen tests were suspended with no fatigue failure after 275 million revolutions. The improved life owing to the coating, approximately a six-fold increase, was a statistically significant result. Keywords: Gear, life, fatigue, pitting, coatings. INTRODUCTION The power density of a gearbox is an important consideration for many applications and is especially important for gearboxes used on aircraft. One factor that limits gearbox power density is the need to transmit power for the required number of cycles while avoiding gear surface fatigue failure (micropitting, pitting or spalling). Effective and economical methods for improving surface fatigue lives of gears are therefore highly desirable. Thin hard coatings have potential for improving gear performance. In fact, coatings are reported to have some successful applications [1-3] where product durability improvements have been achieved by the application of thin hard coatings to gears. Diamond-like carbon and related materials have the potential for a wide variety of applications that require wear protection and/or low-friction properties. Because of the widely recognized potential, the deposition methods and resulting properties of the films have been studied extensively [4-6]. Today’s deposition technology allows for the production of a great diversity of coatings, but the ability to tailor the tribological behavior of a coating for a particular application has been elusive. Aerospace gearing requirements are demanding, calling for high power density, long life, and excellent reliability. The low friction properties and high hardness of diamond-like and related coatings offer the possibility to improve the performance of aerospace gearing. Naik, et al [7] tested the adherence and toughness of two coatings using both disk-on-rod rolling-contact and gear tests, and they reported promising results. Alanou, et al [8] found that coatings could increase the scuffing load capacity of rolling and sliding disks used to simulate aerospace gearing contacts, but they also reported poor adherence for one particular substrate and coating combination. Joachim, Kurz and Glatthaar [3] reported promising results of evaluations of tungsten carbon carbide and amorphous boron carbide coatings using laboratory tests, but they also report mixed results when applying such coatings to commercial applications. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the surface fatigue lives of coated and uncoated gears using accelerated life tests. The testing is considered as accelerated in that the contact stresses used for testing exceeds the stresses used for design of the target application (helicopter gearing). The metal-containing, carbon-based diamond-like (Me-DLC) coating selected for this study was designed specifically for the aerospace gearing applications. NASA/TM—2003-2124631

Design of One Stage Planetary Gear Train With Improved Conditions of Load Distribution and Reduced Transmission Errors

The authors propose an approach for the design of one-stage planetary gear train with reduced transmission errors, localized bearing contact and improved conditions of distribution of load between the planetary gears. The planetary gear train is considered as a multi-body mechanical system of rigid bodies. The proposed approach is based: (i) on modification of geometry of gear tooth surfaces, and (ii) minimization and equalization of the backlash between the contacting gear tooth surfaces. The modification of geometry is accomplished: (i) by double-crowning of planetary gears, and (ii) by application of screw involute surfaces of the same direction of screws for the sun and the ring gears. The proposed geometry enables: (i) predesign of parabolic function of transmission errors for reduction of noise and vibration, and (ii) a simple method of regulation and equalization of the backlash between the gear tooth.

Modeling the Effect of Carburization and Quenching on the Development of Residual Stresses and Bending Fatigue Resistance of Steel Gears

Zhichao Li, and Andrew M. Freborg, Deformation Control Technology, Inc, 7261 Engle Road, Suite 105, Cleveland, OH 44130; Bruce D. Hansen, Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, 6900 Main Street, Stratford, CT 06615; and T.S. Srivatsan, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325. Contact e-mails: zli@ DeformationControl.com, Andy.freborg@deformationcontrol.com, bruce.hansen@sikorsky.com, and tsrivatsan@uakron.edu. JMEPEG (2013) 22:1208 ASM International DOI: 10.1007/s11665-012-0350-9 1059-9495/

Design, generation and stress analysis of face-gear drive with helical pinion

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