Bruce Gordon Norman

Model-Based Detection of Leaks and Blockages in Pipes

This paper deals with a model-based strategy for detecting leaks and blockages in a network of pipes. The fault detection and isolation (FDI) system uses a Kalman filter and a model of the piping system to decide whether the system is operating in a normal or failed state, and to distinguish the type of fault. While the idea of using Kalman filters is quite old, its application in the present case is novel, as is the formulation of the FDI system that uses only one model. The theory is backed by experimental validation on a test rig.Copyright

Multivariable Control of Industrial Gas Turbines: Field Test Results

Rejecting, or reducing, the effect of external disturbances on process parameters is an important problem in control design. In this paper we apply multivariable control techniques to reduce the effect of input disturbances, such as variations in the line frequency, on key internal parameters of an industrial gas turbine. The parameter we are most interested in is the combustion reference temperature, an estimated variable that is used by the controller to schedule division of fuel to various fuel nozzles and determine switching points between combustion modes. The dynamic response of this parameter correlates well with the dynamic response of fuel air ratio inside the combustor. Therefore, an important step in improving combustor performance is better regulation of the combustion reference temperature. We show that the use of a multivariable controller in place of the existing decentralized controller makes the disturbance rejection problem much easier to solve. As the gas turbine is inherently a multivariable system — i.e. the inputs, fuel and air, are coupled to the outputs, power and exhaust temperature — this result is not entirely surprising. We use a frequency domain, control design technique known as the Edmund’s method. The linear models are obtained using system identification techniques. We present results from a field test of the controller (implemented on a GE Frame 7E turbine) in the form of data comparing the response of the multivariable controller with that of the existing (decentralized) controller. These results clearly show that by using a multivariable controller the effects of the external disturbances can be reduced by a factor of 3 when compared with the existing design.© 1996 ASME