Bruna Barboza Seron

Assessment protocols of maximum oxygen consumption in young people with Down syndrome--a review.

Maximum oxygen consumption is considered the gold standard measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. Young people with Down syndrome (DS) present low values of this indicator compared to their peers without disabilities and to young people with an intellectual disability but without DS. The use of reliable and valid assessment methods provides more reliable results for the diagnosis of cardiorespiratory fitness and the response of this variable to exercise. The aim of the present study was to review the literature on the assessment protocols used to measure maximum oxygen consumption in children and adolescents with Down syndrome giving emphasis to the protocols used, the validation process and their feasibility. The search was carried out in eight electronic databases--Scopus, Medline-Pubmed, Web of science, SportDiscus, Cinhal, Academic Search Premier, Scielo, and Lilacs. The inclusion criteria were: (a) articles which assessed VO2peak and/or VO2max (independent of the validation method), (b) samples composed of children and/or adolescents with Down syndrome, (c) participants of up to 20 years old, and (d) studies performed after 1990. Fifteen studies were selected and, of these, 11 measured the VO2peak using tests performed in a laboratory, 2 used field tests and the remaining 2 used both laboratory and field tests. The majority of the selected studies used maximal tests and conducted familiarization sessions. All the studies took into account the clinical conditions that could hamper testing or endanger the individuals. However, a large number of studies used tests which had not been specifically validated for the evaluated population. Finally, the search emphasized the small number of studies which use field tests to evaluate oxygen consumption.

Effects of two programs of exercise on body composition of adolescents with Down syndrome

Objective: To investigate the effects of a 12 week aerobic and resistance exercise on body composition of adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 41 adolescents with Down syndrome, aged 15.5±2.7 years, divided into three groups: Aerobic Training Group (ATG; n=16), Resisted Training Group (RTG; n=15) and Control Group (CG; n=10). There were two types of training: aerobic, with intensity of 50-70% of the heart rate reserve 3 times/week, and resisted, with intensity of 12 maximum repetitions 2 times week. Both trainings were applied during a 12-week period. The percentage of fat evaluation was performed using plethysmography with Bod Pod(r) equipment. Waist circumference (WC), body weight and height were also measured. Paired t-test was used to compare variables before and after the exercise program. Results: The percentage of body fat did not change significantly for both groups that participated in the training intervention. However, CG showed a significant increase in this variable (31.3±7.2 versus 34.0±7.9). On the other hand, body mass index (BMI) and WC were significantly reduced for ATG (BMI: 27.0±4.4 and 26.5±4.2; WC: 87.3±11.1 and 86.2±9.7), while RTG and GC showed no differences in these variables. Conclusions: The aerobic and resisted training programs maintained body fat levels. ATG significantly reduced BMI and WC measures. Individuals who did not attend the training intervention increased their percentage of fat.Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do exercicio aerobio e resistido por 12 semanas na composicao corporal de adolescentes com sindrome de Down.Metodos: Estudo quase experimental com 41 adolescentes com sindrome de Down, com idades de 15,7±2,7 anos, divididos em tres grupos: Grupo Treinamento Aerobio (GTA; n=16), Grupo Treinamento Resistido (GTR; n=15) e Grupo Controle (GC; n=10). Realizaram-se dois tipos de treinamento: o aerobio, com intensidade de 50 a 70% da frequencia cardiaca de reserva 3 vezes/semana, e o resistido, com intensidade de 12 repeticoes maximas 2 vezes/semana. Ambos os treinamentos foram realizados por 12 semanas. A avaliacao da porcentagem de gordura foi realizada por pletismografia com o equimento Bod Pod(r). Mensuraram-se ainda as variaveis antropometricas de circunferencia abdominal (CA), massa corporal e estatura. Aplicou-se o teste t pareado para a comparacao das variaveis analisadas antes e apos o treinamento.Resultados:A porcentagem de gordura corporal nao se alterou nos grupos que participaram do treinamento; entretanto, o GC apresentou aumento significativo dessa variavel (31,3±7,2 versus 34,0±7,9). Por outro lado, a CA e o indice de massa corporea (IMC) reduziram-se de forma significante para o GTA (IMC: 27,0±4,4 e 26,5±4,2; CA: 87,3±11,1 e 86,2±9,7), enquanto que o GTR e o GC nao apresentaram diferencas nessas variaveis.Conclusoes:Os programas de treinamento aerobio e resistido mantiveram os niveis de gordura corporal e o GTA reduziu de forma significativa as medidas de IMC e de CA. Os individuos que nao participaram do treinamento tiveram sua porcentagem de gordura aumentada.

Prática de atividade física habitual entre adolescentes com deficiência visual

La actividad fisica es reconocida como una herramienta en la prevencion de las enfermedades cronicas degenerativas, sin embargo, ha observado una alta tasa de inactividad de la poblacion, sobre todo en la parte compuesta por personas con discapacidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la practica de actividad fisica en adolescentes con discapacidad visual. Para ello, 16 adolescentes con discapacidad visual (edad = 12,81 ± 2,07 anos) completaron cuestionarios y se utilizo podometro durante 4 dias. Fue utilizada estadistica descriptiva, prueba t independiente y correlacion, importancia de la alfa < 0,05. Los datos mostraron que el nivel de actividad fisica entre los adolescentes fue menor de lo recomendado, y las ninas y las personas con discapacidad tienen los peores resultados globales. Los adolescentes fueron significativamente mas activos durante la semana. Por lo tanto, se concluye que los adolescentes encuestados no eran suficientemente activos, que exige mas programas de intervencion.Physical activity practice is known as a great tool in chronic diseases prevention, however we can observe a high prevalence of sedentary habits, especially among people with disability. The purpose of this study was to analyze habitual physical activity practice in adolescents with visual impairment. For that, 16 adolescents with visual impairment (age = 12.81 ± 2.07 years old) answered a questionnaire and used pedometer for four days. It was used descriptive statistic, independent T test and correlation, in every case with significance level alpha < 0.05. Results showed that physical activity level among adolescents was often below the recommended parameters. Girls and those with total visual impairment presented worse results. Adolescents exhibited higher physical activity level in week days. Thus, we can conclude that adolescents were insufficiently actives, what indicates the necessity of more interventions.

Efeitos de dois programas de exercício na composição corporal de adolescentes com síndrome de Down

Objective: To investigate the effects of a 12 week aerobic and resistance exercise on body composition of adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 41 adolescents with Down syndrome, aged 15.5±2.7 years, divided into three groups: Aerobic Training Group (ATG; n=16), Resisted Training Group (RTG; n=15) and Control Group (CG; n=10). There were two types of training: aerobic, with intensity of 50-70% of the heart rate reserve 3 times/week, and resisted, with intensity of 12 maximum repetitions 2 times week. Both trainings were applied during a 12-week period. The percentage of fat evaluation was performed using plethysmography with Bod Pod(r) equipment. Waist circumference (WC), body weight and height were also measured. Paired t-test was used to compare variables before and after the exercise program. Results: The percentage of body fat did not change significantly for both groups that participated in the training intervention. However, CG showed a significant increase in this variable (31.3±7.2 versus 34.0±7.9). On the other hand, body mass index (BMI) and WC were significantly reduced for ATG (BMI: 27.0±4.4 and 26.5±4.2; WC: 87.3±11.1 and 86.2±9.7), while RTG and GC showed no differences in these variables. Conclusions: The aerobic and resisted training programs maintained body fat levels. ATG significantly reduced BMI and WC measures. Individuals who did not attend the training intervention increased their percentage of fat.Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do exercicio aerobio e resistido por 12 semanas na composicao corporal de adolescentes com sindrome de Down.Metodos: Estudo quase experimental com 41 adolescentes com sindrome de Down, com idades de 15,7±2,7 anos, divididos em tres grupos: Grupo Treinamento Aerobio (GTA; n=16), Grupo Treinamento Resistido (GTR; n=15) e Grupo Controle (GC; n=10). Realizaram-se dois tipos de treinamento: o aerobio, com intensidade de 50 a 70% da frequencia cardiaca de reserva 3 vezes/semana, e o resistido, com intensidade de 12 repeticoes maximas 2 vezes/semana. Ambos os treinamentos foram realizados por 12 semanas. A avaliacao da porcentagem de gordura foi realizada por pletismografia com o equimento Bod Pod(r). Mensuraram-se ainda as variaveis antropometricas de circunferencia abdominal (CA), massa corporal e estatura. Aplicou-se o teste t pareado para a comparacao das variaveis analisadas antes e apos o treinamento.Resultados:A porcentagem de gordura corporal nao se alterou nos grupos que participaram do treinamento; entretanto, o GC apresentou aumento significativo dessa variavel (31,3±7,2 versus 34,0±7,9). Por outro lado, a CA e o indice de massa corporea (IMC) reduziram-se de forma significante para o GTA (IMC: 27,0±4,4 e 26,5±4,2; CA: 87,3±11,1 e 86,2±9,7), enquanto que o GTR e o GC nao apresentaram diferencas nessas variaveis.Conclusoes:Os programas de treinamento aerobio e resistido mantiveram os niveis de gordura corporal e o GTA reduziu de forma significativa as medidas de IMC e de CA. Os individuos que nao participaram do treinamento tiveram sua porcentagem de gordura aumentada.

Blood Pressure and Hemodynamic Adaptations after a Training Program in Young Individuals with Down Syndrome

Background Cardiovascular diseases affect people worldwide. Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) have an up to sixteen-time greater risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Objective To evaluate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on blood pressure and hemodynamic variables of young individuals with DS. Methods A total of 29 young individuals with DS participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: aerobic training (AT) (n = 14), and resistance training (TR) (n = 15). Their mean age was 15.7 ± 2.82 years. The training program lasted 12 weeks, and had a frequency of three times a week for AT and twice a week for RT. AT was performed in treadmill/ bicycle ergometer, at an intensity between 50%-70% of the HR reserve. RT comprised nine exercises with three sets of 12 repetition-maximum. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and hemodynamic variables were assessed beat-to-beat using the Finometer device before/after the training program. Descriptive analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test to check the normality of data, and the two-way ANOVA for repeated measures were used to compare pre- and post-training variables. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to correlate hemodynamic variables. The SPSS version 18.0 was used with the significance level set at p < 0.05. Results After twelve weeks of aerobic and/or resistance training, significant reductions in variables SBP, DBP and MBP were observed. Conclusion This study suggests a chronic hypotensive effect of moderate aerobic and resistance exercises on young individuals with DS.

Efectos de dos programas de ejercicios en la composición corporal de adolescentes con síndrome de Down

Objective: To investigate the effects of a 12 week aerobic and resistance exercise on body composition of adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 41 adolescents with Down syndrome, aged 15.5±2.7 years, divided into three groups: Aerobic Training Group (ATG; n=16), Resisted Training Group (RTG; n=15) and Control Group (CG; n=10). There were two types of training: aerobic, with intensity of 50-70% of the heart rate reserve 3 times/week, and resisted, with intensity of 12 maximum repetitions 2 times week. Both trainings were applied during a 12-week period. The percentage of fat evaluation was performed using plethysmography with Bod Pod(r) equipment. Waist circumference (WC), body weight and height were also measured. Paired t-test was used to compare variables before and after the exercise program. Results: The percentage of body fat did not change significantly for both groups that participated in the training intervention. However, CG showed a significant increase in this variable (31.3±7.2 versus 34.0±7.9). On the other hand, body mass index (BMI) and WC were significantly reduced for ATG (BMI: 27.0±4.4 and 26.5±4.2; WC: 87.3±11.1 and 86.2±9.7), while RTG and GC showed no differences in these variables. Conclusions: The aerobic and resisted training programs maintained body fat levels. ATG significantly reduced BMI and WC measures. Individuals who did not attend the training intervention increased their percentage of fat.Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do exercicio aerobio e resistido por 12 semanas na composicao corporal de adolescentes com sindrome de Down.Metodos: Estudo quase experimental com 41 adolescentes com sindrome de Down, com idades de 15,7±2,7 anos, divididos em tres grupos: Grupo Treinamento Aerobio (GTA; n=16), Grupo Treinamento Resistido (GTR; n=15) e Grupo Controle (GC; n=10). Realizaram-se dois tipos de treinamento: o aerobio, com intensidade de 50 a 70% da frequencia cardiaca de reserva 3 vezes/semana, e o resistido, com intensidade de 12 repeticoes maximas 2 vezes/semana. Ambos os treinamentos foram realizados por 12 semanas. A avaliacao da porcentagem de gordura foi realizada por pletismografia com o equimento Bod Pod(r). Mensuraram-se ainda as variaveis antropometricas de circunferencia abdominal (CA), massa corporal e estatura. Aplicou-se o teste t pareado para a comparacao das variaveis analisadas antes e apos o treinamento.Resultados:A porcentagem de gordura corporal nao se alterou nos grupos que participaram do treinamento; entretanto, o GC apresentou aumento significativo dessa variavel (31,3±7,2 versus 34,0±7,9). Por outro lado, a CA e o indice de massa corporea (IMC) reduziram-se de forma significante para o GTA (IMC: 27,0±4,4 e 26,5±4,2; CA: 87,3±11,1 e 86,2±9,7), enquanto que o GTR e o GC nao apresentaram diferencas nessas variaveis.Conclusoes:Os programas de treinamento aerobio e resistido mantiveram os niveis de gordura corporal e o GTA reduziu de forma significativa as medidas de IMC e de CA. Os individuos que nao participaram do treinamento tiveram sua porcentagem de gordura aumentada.

Habitual physical activity among adolescents with visual impairments

La actividad fisica es reconocida como una herramienta en la prevencion de las enfermedades cronicas degenerativas, sin embargo, ha observado una alta tasa de inactividad de la poblacion, sobre todo en la parte compuesta por personas con discapacidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la practica de actividad fisica en adolescentes con discapacidad visual. Para ello, 16 adolescentes con discapacidad visual (edad = 12,81 ± 2,07 anos) completaron cuestionarios y se utilizo podometro durante 4 dias. Fue utilizada estadistica descriptiva, prueba t independiente y correlacion, importancia de la alfa < 0,05. Los datos mostraron que el nivel de actividad fisica entre los adolescentes fue menor de lo recomendado, y las ninas y las personas con discapacidad tienen los peores resultados globales. Los adolescentes fueron significativamente mas activos durante la semana. Por lo tanto, se concluye que los adolescentes encuestados no eran suficientemente activos, que exige mas programas de intervencion.Physical activity practice is known as a great tool in chronic diseases prevention, however we can observe a high prevalence of sedentary habits, especially among people with disability. The purpose of this study was to analyze habitual physical activity practice in adolescents with visual impairment. For that, 16 adolescents with visual impairment (age = 12.81 ± 2.07 years old) answered a questionnaire and used pedometer for four days. It was used descriptive statistic, independent T test and correlation, in every case with significance level alpha < 0.05. Results showed that physical activity level among adolescents was often below the recommended parameters. Girls and those with total visual impairment presented worse results. Adolescents exhibited higher physical activity level in week days. Thus, we can conclude that adolescents were insufficiently actives, what indicates the necessity of more interventions.

La actividad física habitual entre los adolescentes con discapacidad visual

La actividad fisica es reconocida como una herramienta en la prevencion de las enfermedades cronicas degenerativas, sin embargo, ha observado una alta tasa de inactividad de la poblacion, sobre todo en la parte compuesta por personas con discapacidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la practica de actividad fisica en adolescentes con discapacidad visual. Para ello, 16 adolescentes con discapacidad visual (edad = 12,81 ± 2,07 anos) completaron cuestionarios y se utilizo podometro durante 4 dias. Fue utilizada estadistica descriptiva, prueba t independiente y correlacion, importancia de la alfa < 0,05. Los datos mostraron que el nivel de actividad fisica entre los adolescentes fue menor de lo recomendado, y las ninas y las personas con discapacidad tienen los peores resultados globales. Los adolescentes fueron significativamente mas activos durante la semana. Por lo tanto, se concluye que los adolescentes encuestados no eran suficientemente activos, que exige mas programas de intervencion.Physical activity practice is known as a great tool in chronic diseases prevention, however we can observe a high prevalence of sedentary habits, especially among people with disability. The purpose of this study was to analyze habitual physical activity practice in adolescents with visual impairment. For that, 16 adolescents with visual impairment (age = 12.81 ± 2.07 years old) answered a questionnaire and used pedometer for four days. It was used descriptive statistic, independent T test and correlation, in every case with significance level alpha < 0.05. Results showed that physical activity level among adolescents was often below the recommended parameters. Girls and those with total visual impairment presented worse results. Adolescents exhibited higher physical activity level in week days. Thus, we can conclude that adolescents were insufficiently actives, what indicates the necessity of more interventions.