Bruno Tomio Goto

Intraornatosporaceae ( Gigasporales ), a new family with two new genera and two new species

A new family (Intraornatosporaceae), two new genera (Intraornatospora, Paradentiscutata), two new species (P. bahiana, P. maritima), and a new combination (I. intraornata) are presented in the Gigasporales. The genera, both with diagnostic introverted ornamentations on the spore wall, are distinguished by spore wall structure and germ shield characteristics. The new species, detected in NE Brazil, can be differentiated by their projections on the outer spore surface. Partial sequences of the LSU rRNA gene place both species next to I. intraornata in a monophyletic major clade related to Gigasporaceae and Dentiscutataceae.

Diversity of Brazilian Fungi

Ate 2010, o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de fungos do Brasil estava registrado em publicacoes esparsas de taxonomia e ecologia e em algumas poucas listas de especies. Com a publicacao do Catalogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil, e a disponibilizacao da lista online, tem sido possivel agregar o conhecimento disperso. A versao ora apresentada acrescenta 2.111 nomes de especies aos 3.608 listados em 2010. Sao citadas 5.719 especies de fungos distribuidas em 1.246 generos, 102 ordens e 13 divisoes, consistindo em consideravel aumento em relacao a 2010, quando estavam registrados 924 generos e 78 ordens. Predominam os Basidiomycota (2.741 especies, em 22 ordens) e Ascomycota (1.881 especies, em 41 ordens). A Mata Atlântica possui a maior quantidade de registros, com 3.017 especies, seguido pela Amazonia (1.050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) e Pampa e Pantanal com 84 e 35 especies, respectivamente. A regiao Nordeste tem a maior riqueza (2.617 especies), seguida pelo Sudeste (2.252), Sul (1.995), Norte (1.301) e Centro Oeste (488 especies). Em relacao aos Estados da Federacao, Sao Paulo (1.846 especies), Pernambuco (1.611) e Rio Grande do Sul (1.377) sao os mais diversos.

Checklist of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) in the Brazilian semiarid

Seventy-nine species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are reported for the semiarid Caatinga biome of Northeast Brazil. Data are based primarily on research by L.C. Maia and co-workers during the past 20 years. The full checklist is available at www.mycotaxon.com/resources/weblists.html.

Abrachium , a new genus in the Clathraceae, and Itajahya reassessed

Molecular and morphological analyses have elucidated phylogenetic relationships of two remarkable species in the Phallales: Aseroe floriformis and Phallus roseus. Genes from ATPase subunit 6 (atp6), the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nuc-LSU), and the second largest RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) underwent Bayesian and parsimony molecular analyses. Molecular datasets, combined with morphological characters, support a new genus (Abrachium for Aseroe floriformis), reassessment of Itajahya, and emendation of Clathraceae.

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em áreas de plantio de leucena e sábia no estado de Pernambuco

RESUMO n A ocorrŒncia de fungos micorrIzicos arbusculares (FMAs) foi investigada em AEreas cultivadas com leucena (Leucaena leucocephala L.) e sabiAE (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth), no Estado de Pernambuco. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em cinco estaAies experimentais da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa AgropecuAEria (IPA), nas cidades de Arcoverde, com plantio de leucena (AL) e sabiAE (AS); Caruaru, com plantio de leucena (CL); e ItambO (IS), Sao Bento do Una (SBS) e Serra Talhada (STS), com plantio de sabiAE. O nœmero de esporos variou de 69 (STS) a 437/50 g de solo (CL) e a colonizaAao micorrIzica, de 11 (CL) a 64% (IS). Nas AEreas com plantio de leucena, a colonizaAao foi inferior a 15%, enquanto naquelas com cultivo de sAEbia houve variaAao de 36 a 64%. Foram observadas 24 espOcies de FMAs, pertencentes aos gŒneros: Acaulospora (6), Archaeospora (1), Entrophospora (1), Gigaspora (3), Glomus (6), Paraglomus (1) e Scutellospora (6). As AEreas CL e STS foram as que apresentaram maior nœmero de espOcies (14). Acaulospora scrobiculata, Archaeospora leptoticha e Glomus etunicatum foram encontradas em todas as AEreas. ABSTRACT n The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plantations of Leucaena leucocephala L. (leucaena) and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth (sabia) in the State of Pernambuco was investigated. Soil samples were collected in five research centers of the Agricultural Research Institute of Pernambuco (IPA), in the cities of Arcoverde n plantation of leucaena (AL) and sabiAE (AS); Caruaru (CL) n leucaena plantation; ItambO (IS), Sao Bento do Una (SBS) and Serra Talhada (STS) n plantation of sabiAE. Mycorrhizal spores were extracted from soil, with the highest number (437/50g of soil) being found in the CL region and the lowest (69/50g of soil) in the STS region. The mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 11% (CL) to 64% (IS). The colonization was inferior to 15% in areas of leucaena plantation, however, in areas of sabiAE, it ranged from 36% to 64%. Twenty-four AMF species were identified in the genus: Acaulospora (6), Archaeospora (1), Entrophospora (1), Gigaspora (3), Glomus (6), Paraglomus (1) and Scutellospora (6). The highest species number was recorded in the CL and STS regions (14). Acaulospora scrobiculata, Archaeospora leptoticha and Glomus etunicatum were found in all regions.

Racocetra intraornata, a new species in the Glomeromycetes with a unique spore wall structure.

A new species of the arbuscular mycorrhiza forming Glomeromycetes, with distinct ornamentations on the inner surface of the outer spore wall, is here presented under the epithet Racocetra intraornata. It was found in the Caatinga, a semi-arid biome of Northeastern (NE) Brazil, and also isolated from a sand dune ecosystem along the semi-humid Atlantic coast of NE Brazil. The species forms yellow to yellow-orange glomerospores, 150–280 μm in diameter, with a three-layered outer wall and a three-layered inner wall. The inner surface of the outer wall is densely crowded with small tubes that resemble germination warts characteristic of Gigaspora. The hyaline to rarely light yellow germination shield has 4–6 lobes and may form 4–6 germ tube initiations. The species can easily be distinguished from all other species in the Racocetraceae by the unique outer wall ornamentation.

New recombinations in Glomeromycota

Combined morphological and molecular biological analyses have achieved major advances in the taxonomy of fungal species in phylum Glomeromycota. In this study, we analyzed which species might not yet be attributed to their correct genus, focusing on Acaulospora myriocarpa, A. undulata, A. nicolsonii, and Scutellospora nodosa. Based on spore wall structure and phylogenetic support, we recombined the taxa as Archaeospora myriocarpa, Ar. undulata, Ambispora nicolsonii, and Cetraspora nodosa.

Sporocarpic species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota), with a new report from Brazil

Os fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMA) sao amplamente distribuidos nos ecossistemas terrestres; entretanto, especies esporocarpicas sao pouco documentadas em investigacoes sobre FMA. Cinco dessas especies foram encontradas em remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica e em areas cultivadas, no nordeste do Brasil: Glomus glomerulatum, G. sinuosum, G. coremioides, G. fuegianum e G. taiwanensis, sendo o ultimo primeira ocorrencia para o Brasil.

Glomus trufemii ( Glomeromycetes ), a new sporocarpic species from Brazilian sand dunes

Glomus trufemii, which forms large aggregates (≤ 850 × 1200 μm) in the rhizosphere of a herbaceous plant community in NE Brazilian sand dunes, is described as new. Its subglobose glomerospores measuring 72–92 × 79–105 μm have two spore wall layers: an evanescent hyaline 0.3–0.8 μm thick outer layer and a laminate orange brown to dark red brown 7.4–15.5 μm thick inner layer. The pigmentation of the subtending hypha is similar but often much lighter than that of the laminate spore wall layer. The spore size and color, spore wall structure, and features of the spore base and subtending hyphae separate this species from similar yellow-brown to brown spored species like G. badium, G. glomerulatum, and G. brohultii.

Diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em área de Caatinga, PE, Brasil

The objective of this work was to determine the infectivity and richness of AMF and the mycorrhizal conditions of the vegetation in a preserved area of Caatinga. Soil and root samples were taken in two subareas in the municipality of Triunfo, PE. The roots were stained with Trypan blue, and observed with a microscope to determine if colonization of mycorrhizal fungi was present. Glomerospores were extracted from soil, counted, mounted on microscope slides and the AMF species were identified. The plants from the area showed < 10% colonization. The number of glomerospores (<1 g-1 soil) did not differ between the subareas although in one area the amount of P in the soil was three times higher than in the other. The number of AMF propagules varied from 64 to 70 cm-3 in the soil. Sixteen taxa of AMF were registered and Glomus was the most representative genus, with seven species. Pacispora boliviana is reported for the first time in Brazil. The high amount of P probably contributes to the low values of propagules, colonization, infectivity and richness of AMF in the area. AMF have been commonly found in the Brazilian semiarid region and species of Glomus are predominant in this environment.