Burak Sürmen

The classification of coastal dune vegetation in Central Black Sea Region of Turkey by numerical methods and EU habitat types

Coastal sand dune vegetation in Central Black Sea Region of Turkey was investigated by numerical methods. Eight plant associations were determined according to two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). Plant associations were also classified according to NATURA 2000 and European Nature Information System. Coastal dune ecosystems in the Central Black Sea Region include eight habitat types. Eight plant associations belonging to four classes, order and alliances are described and five of them are new associations. TWINSPAN revealed the existence of a gradient from drift line to the inner parts. These have been separated into shifting dunes and fixed dunes. DCA allowed determining the plant associations in shifting dunes along the shoreline as well as the annual vegetation of drift line and embryonic shifting dunes and of fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation. The syntaxonomical classification is given in the following:CAKILETEA MARITIMAE R. Tx. & Preising in Br. -Bl. & R. Tx. 1952Cakiletalia integrifoliae R. Tx. Oberd. 1949 corr. Rivas-Martinez, Costa & Loidi 1992Cakilion maritimae Pignatti 1953Salsolo ruthenico–Cakiletum maritimae Costa & Mansanet 1981 Rivas-Martinez et al. 1992Euphorbio paralias–Eryngietum maritimi ass novaAMMOPHILETEA Br. -Bl. Et R. Tx ex Westhoff et al. 1946Ammophietalia arundinaceae Br. -Bl. 1933Ammophilion australis Br.-Bl. 1921 corr. Rivas-Martínez, Costa & Izco in Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, T.E. Díaz, Fernández-González & J.C. Costa 1990Medicagini marinae–Ammophiletum arundinaceae Br.-Bl. 1921 corr. Fernández Prieto & T. E. Díaz 1991Verbasco thapsus–Eleagnetum rhamnoidi Korkmaz et al. 2012 (Kılınc and Ozkanca 1991) nom. novumAchilleo maritimo–Elymetum farcti ass. NovaJUNCETEA MARITIMI Br.-Bl. 1956Juncetalia maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931Sophoro alopecurioides–Elymetum elongati ass novaSileno thymifoliae–Jurinion kileae Géhu et al. 1989Sileno otitis–Vulpietum fasciculatae ass novaTUBERARIETEA GUTTATAE (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Roussine & Nègre 1952) Rivas-Goday & Rivas-Martínez 1963 nom. mut. propos. in Rivas-Martínez, T.E. Díaz, Fernández González, Izco, Loidi, Lousã & Penas 2002Malcolmietalia Rivas Goday, 1958Alkanno-Maresion nanae Rivas Goday ex Rivas Goday & Rivas-Martínez 1963 corr. Díez-Garretas, Asensi & Rivas-Martínez 2001Euphorbio terracinae-Laguretum ovati ass nova

Plant diversity along coastal dunes of the Black Sea (North of Turkey)

Coastal dunes are particular ecosystems because they include different vegetation types and have high environmental heterogeneity. Plant biodiversity in coastal dunes vary along the seashore to inland environmental gradient. In the present study, plant biodiversity along the coastal dune zonation of Central Black Sea Region of Turkey (upper beach or drift line, embryonic or primary dune, main dune, transitional and fixed dune zone) is evaluated using different diversity indexes (Evenness, Functional diversity, Plant biodiversity and Rarity). Plant biodiversity increases from seashore to the inland. In particular evenness and rarity indexes tend to increase from the drift line to fixed dunes as functional diversity is high in the upper beach and drift line.

The classification of some plants subjected to disturbance factors (grazing and cutting) based on ecological strategies in Turkey

The effect of disturbance factors such as grazing and cutting were investigated in some plants in central Black Sea Region of Turkey using Grime’s CSR strategies and Ellenberg’s indicator values (EIVs). Grime’s CSR strategies were also determined by Pierce et al.’s (Funct Ecol 27:1002–1010, 2013) scheme because there were some inconsistencies between Grime’s and Pierce et al.’s schemes. Secondary strategies in the study area found to be dominant and the dominance of secondary strategies are consistent with “intermediate disturbance hypothesis”. All the EIVs were found to be significantly different in grazed vs non-ungrazed and cutted vs uncutted areas. PCA diagram showed that ungrazed and cutted areas are associated with EIVR, while grazed and uncutted plots are associated with EIVL, EIVM, EIVN and EIVT.

The effects of erosion and accretion on plant communities in coastal dunes in north of Turkey

Coastal erosion resulted in dramatic changes in the structure of coastal dune communities for example many characteristic species may be removed from dune zones. The effects of coastal erosion on coastal dune communities in north of Turkey were investigated along seashore–inland gradient. It has been found that the severity of erosion caused to increase the differences among coastal dune communities. Our results also implied that embryonic shifting dunes represented by Achilleo maritimo–Elymetum farcti (EU Habitat 2110) and shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (white dunes) represented by Medicagini marinae–Ammophiletum arundinacea (EU Habitat 2120) were more prone to coastal dynamics. It has been found that the severity of erosion caused to increase the differences among coastal dune communities.

Comparison of Leaf Traits (SLA And LMA) on Different Populations of Alcea apterocarpa

Bu çalışmada, farklı lokalitelerdeki Alcea apterocarpa (Fenzl) Boiss popülasyonlarının yaprak alanı ve spesifik yaprak ağırlığı değerlerini karşılaştırdık. SLA ve LMA önemli yaprak karakterleridir. Çünkü SLA ve LMA yaprak besinleri, yaprak ekonomisi ve atmosferle gaz alışverişlerinde ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle bir çok tür yaprak karakterlerini çevresel gradientlere karşı uyarlamaktadır. A. apterocarpa ruderal bir türdür ve geniş yayılış alanlarına sahiptir. Ayrıca etnobotanik özelliğe sahip olan örnek tedavi edici bitki özelliğine sahiptir. Çalışma için üç farklı lokalitede 6 birey seçtik. Her bir lokalite farklı nüfus yoğunluğuna sahip bölgelerden seçilmiştir. Lokalitelerden olgun ve senesens yapraklar toplanmış ve yaprakların SLA ve LMA değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, senesens ile olgun yapraklar ve lokaliteler arasında önemli farklılıkların olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle, şehir merkezindeki A. apterocarpa populasyonunda SLA değeri diğer lokalitelere göre en yüksek iken, LMA değeri en düşük bulunmuştur.