C. Gaarde

Study of the Δ isobar excitation in nuclei with the (3He,t) reaction

Abstract Data for the Δ excitation by the (3He,t) reaction at 2.0 GeV on various nuclei are presented together with results on 12C at 1.5 and 2.3 GeV. The Δ peak position and width are found to be target mass independent. Comparison with the p(3He,t) Δ++ reaction, however, shows a shift of the position in energy of the Δ peak. Implications of these results are discussed.

The p(3He,t)Δ++ reaction

Abstract Data are presented for the p(3He,t)Δ++ reaction at 2.0, 2.3 and 1.5 GeV. The reaction specifically excites the Δ++ with very little yield outside the resonance. The data are analysed as one pion exchange and the hadronic form factor for the 3He−1 system is extracted and compared with the magnetic form factor from electron scattering.

First observation of the Δ resonance in relativistic heavy-ion charge-exchange reactions☆

Abstract Excitation of the Δ resonance is observed for the first time with heavy ions. It is very strong in the two mirror charge-exchange reactions ( 20 Ne , 20 F ) and ( 20 Ne , 20 Na ) at 950 MeV per nucleon. With similar incident energies per nucleon, the Δ is weakly excited with a 14 N beam and nearly absent with a 12 C beam. The role of the ejectile bound states is discussed.

Study of decay and absorption of the Δ resonance in nuclei with a 4π detector

Charge exchange reactions have been investigated at Saturne with various projectiles (3He, (vec d), 12C,16O, 20Ne, 40Ar) and incident energies between.5 and 1.1 GeV/nucleon1. These experiments have given clear indication of the selectivity of charge exchange reactions for spin isospin excitations. In particular, a strong excitation of the Δ resonance shows up for energy transfers higher than the pion mass. The most striking common feature of all these charge exchange reactions is a shift of about 70 MeV between the positions of the Δ bump on nuclei and on hydrogen targets (fig.1). This result has been interpreted by theoreticians as a collective effect in the spin longitudinal channel2 and has been quantitatively reproduced by recent calculations3. An alternative qualitative explanation is the projectile excit ation4.

Coherent pions in charge-exchange reactions☆

Abstract Data are presented on the 12 C ( 3 He , t π + ) reaction at 2 GeV bombarding energy. In coincidence with forward scattered tritons, pions are momentum-analysed in a large acceptance detector. For events where the target is left in its g.s. or low-lying states, the angular correlation between the momentum transfer vector and the momentum of the pion is sharply peaked at small relative angles.

Spin structure of the Δ excitation

Spin structure and cross section data for Δ production in the (n, p-like reaction (d, 2p[1S0]) on p, d and 12C targets are presented. At laboratory kinetic energies 2 GeV and 1.6 GeV, and forward scattering angles, we find dominance of spin transverse over spin longitudinal cross section for free Δ production. On the nucleus 12C we find significant enhancement of the transverse dominance, and a large downwards shift in the peak position of the laboratory energy transfer associated with the production of the Δ.

Excitation of the Δ resonance in heavy ion charge exchange reactions

Abstract Results on the Δ excitation by heavy ion charge exchange are presented. 900 MeV per nucleon 12C, 16O, 20Ne and 1100 MeV per nucleon 12C have been used. The Δ excitation strength depends on the projectile — ejectile nature and on the incident energy. The role of the target mass is also discussed. The peak for the Δ in nuclei is energy shifted from the free Δ peak.

The 52,54Cr(p, n)52,54Mn and 57,58Fe(p, n)57,58Co reactions at Ep = 120 MeV

Abstract Differential cross sections for the (p, n) reaction on 52, 54 Cr and 57, 58 Fe have been measured for angles up to θ lab = 10.5° and 14.6°, respectively, using 120 MeV protons. The observed angular distributions are used to evaluate the location and strength of Gamow-Teller resonances. A shell-model calculation of this strength distribution is presented and compared with the experimental results. The M1 strength for 52 Cr is also calculated and compared with available results from (e, e) and (p, p) experiments. A comparison is made with other If 7 2 nuclei.

Gamow-Teller strength distribution in 81Kr and the consequences for a 81Br solar neutrino detector

Abstract Neutron time-of-flight measurements have been performed on the 81 Br(p,n) 81 Kr reaction at E p = 190 and 200 MeV. Gamow-Teller transition strengths have been deduced for final 81 Kr states accessible through solar neutrino capture on 81 Br. For the standard solar model, 81 Br is most sensitive to 8 B neutrinos, not — as previously believed — 7 Be neutrinos.

Excitation of the Δ resonance in relativistic heavy ion charge exchange reactions

Abstract Excitation of the Δ resonance has been observed for the first time in a heavy ion reaction. The strength of the Δ signal depends on the projectile nuclear structure. In the same incident energy range, about 900 MeV per nucleon, we observe — a strong Δ excitation in 27 Al( 20 Ne, 20 F) and 27 Al( 20 Ne, 20 Na), — a weak Δ in 12 C( 14 N, 14 C) and — nearly no Δ excitation in ( 12 C, 12 B) and ( 12 C, 12 N) whatever the target is among a sample of nuclei from 12 C to 89 Y.