C. J. Arioli

Desfolha, população de plantas e precocidade do milho afetam a incidência e a severidade de podridões de colmo

The relationship between source and sink interferes on maize (Zea mays) stalk rot occurrence. This study was conducted in Lages, SC, Brazil, to evaluate the effect of defoliation, plant population, and hybrids on the intensity (incidence or severity) of maize stalk rots. The experiment was set in a randomized complete block design (three replications) with a split-split-plot arrangement. The hybrids P32R21 (very early), Premium (early) and C333B (late) were tested without defoliation and with 50% defoliation on ear formation stage at plant populations of 25,000, 50,000, 75,000, and 100,000 plants ha-1. The incidence and severity of Colletotrichum graminicola, Diplodia maydis and Fusarium moniliforme stalk rots were evaluated. The hybrid P32R21 was the most affected by stalk rots. Defoliation enhanced rots on P32R21 and Premium. Enhancements in plant population increased stalk rots intensity on intact plants but decreased rot occurrence when hybrids were defoliated.

Diagnosis of directed pollination services in apple orchards in Brazil.

The pollination services performed by Apis mellifera are essential for the high-quality apple production. The aim of this study was to obtain information about the pollination services used in the municipalities of Vacaria-RS e Sao Joaquim-SC, the main apple-producing regions in Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with apple growers and technicians responsible for the orchards during 2013 and 2015. The obtained information was: a) cropping systems; b) use of pollination services; c) number of hives per hectare during flowering; d) renting value of hives; e) mortality of colonies; f) agrochemicals used on flowering; g) presence of native bees on flowering. In Vacaria and Sao Joaquim, respectively, 70% and 68.6% of the apple growers use the integrated apple production as their production model. The directed pollination is used by 100% and 90.0% of respondents respectively, from which, 80% and 47.1% opt for the hive rent. On average, three hives were used per hectare in both regions. The average cost is U

Evaluation of Food Lures for Capture and Monitoring of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Temperate Fruit Trees

17.52 and U

Reação de genótipos de Phaseolus vulgaris à podridão do colo e ao oídio

17.74 per hive, respectively. During the flowering period, insecticides and fungicides are used by 100% and 97.2% of the apple growers. The highest mean percentage of mortality of colonies during flowering was reported in Vacaria, 11.8%. Native bees are often found in apple flowers. The development of management strategies for the conservation of domestic and wild pollinators is essential. Os servicos de polinizacao realizados por Apis mellifera sao fundamentais para a producao de macas com qualidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi obter informacoes sobre os servicos de polinizacao utilizados nos municipios Vacaria-RS e Sao Joaquim-SC, principais regioes produtoras de macas no Brasil. Entrevistas presenciais com questionarios semiestruturados foram realizadas junto aos maleicultores e tecnicos responsaveis pelos pomares, entre 2013 e 2015. As informacoes obtidas foram: a) sistema de cultivo adotado; b) emprego de servicos de polinizacao; c) numero de colmeias por hectare na floracao; d) valor do aluguel de colmeias; e) mortalidade de colonias; f) insumos quimicos utilizados na floracao; e g) presenca de abelhas nativas na floracao. Em Vacaria e Sao Joaquim, 70% e 68,6% dos maleicultores utilizam a producao integrada de maca como modelo produtivo. A polinizacao comercial e utilizada por 100% e 90,0% dos entrevistados, respectivamente, dos quais 80% e 47,1% optam pelo aluguel de colmeias. Em media, sao utilizadas tres colmeias por hectare em ambas as regioes. O custo medio e de R

Susceptibility of Grapholita molesta to insecticides in Brazil

56,60 e R

Avaliação de Inseticidas Neonicotinóides para o Controle da Mariposa-Oriental Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) em Laboratório e Pomar Comercial de Maçã com Infestações Artificiais

57,30 por colmeia, respectivamente. Durante a floracao, agrotoxicos foram utilizados por 100% e 97,2% dos entrevistados. O maior percentual medio de mortalidade de colonias foi relatado em Vacaria, 11,8%. Abelhas nativas sao frequentemente observadas na floracao. E imprescindivel o desenvolvimento de estrategias de manejo para a conservacao de polinizadores domesticos e silvestres. Termos para indexacao Malus domestica; Apis mellifera; Diagnostico da polinizacao; entrevistas

Uso de feromônio sexual no manejo da mariposa-oriental na cultura da macieira em São Joaquim, SC.

The Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the main pest of fruit trees grown in temperate climates in the southern region of Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the major commercial food lures used in Brazil for trapping and monitoring of A. fraterculus in plum, pear, and feijoa orchards. The assessed lures were hydrolyzed proteins of animal origin (CeraTrap) and plant origin (BioAnastrepha), torula yeast + borax (Torula), and grape juice. Response variables included the rate of adult capture (flies per trap per day, FTD) and the percentage of females captured. We also evaluated the number of times the weekly capture rate exceeded the traditional threshold of 0.5 FTD for each lure. Traps baited with grape juice, currently used for monitoring A. fraterculus in Southern Brazil, captured fewer adults and a lower percentage of females compared with the other lures. CeraTrap trapped a greater number of A. fraterculus adults and, in some cases, a lower percentage of females compared with the other lures in pears. Traps baited with CeraTrap had greater capture rates (FTD), particularly during the stages of fruit maturation and harvest, and even in years with low population density of A. fraterculus, thus demonstrating greater sensitivity in the detection of this pest. These results show that, in order to detect and monitor the presence of A. fraterculus in plum, feijoa, and pear crops, protein-based lures are superior to grape juice, especially the animal protein CeraTrap.