C. M. Tian

Thermal degradation of cotton cellulose

The thermal degradation of cotton cellulose treated with chemical mixtures containing P and N was studied by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, Char yield and limiting-oxygen-index (LOI). Our experiments demonstrated the following facts. The temperatures and activation energies of pyrolysis were lower for cotton cellulose treated with flame retardants than those for untreated samples and the values of Char yield and LOI were greater for treated cotton than those for untreated one.

Zinc Hydroxystannate- or Zinc Stannate-coated Calcium Carbonate as Flame Retardant for Semirigid Poly(vinyl chloride)

The flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of semirigid PVC treated with CaCO3, zinc hydroxystannate, zinc stannate, zinc hydroxystannate-coated calcium carbonate, and zinc stannate-coated calcium carbonate have been studied through the limiting oxygen index, anaerobic char yield, and smoke density rating (SDR) methods. The thermal degradation in air of the treated semirigid PVC is studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) from ambient temperature to 1073 K. The morphologies of the additives and the unaerobic char formation are studied through SEM. The mechanical property is also studied. The results show that the semirigid PVC treated with zinc hydroxystannate-coated calcium carbonate or zinc stannate-coated calcium carbonate has a higher limiting oxygen index and anaerobic char yield, lower SDR and starting decomposition temperature, a more compact structure of char formation and reduced tensile strength and elongation, and improved impact strength than the semirigid PVC without flame retardant.

Study on the thermal degradation of cotton cellulose ammonium phosphate and its metal complexes

Abstract The thermal degradation of cellulose, and of cellulose ammonium phosphorylate and its metal complex products was studied by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and chemical analysis. The kinetic parameters were obtained using the equation of Brodio. The values of activation energies for decomposition of the cellulose, cellulose ammonium phosphorylate and its metal complexes were calculated. Experimental data for cellulose ammonium phosphorylate and its metal complexes show that for these samples there is a decrease in the activation energy for decomposition and an increase in char yield compared with pure cellulose.

The effect of metal ions on thermal oxidative degradation of cotton cellulose ammonium phosphate

The thermal oxidative degradation of cellulose, and of cellulose ammonium phosphate and its metal complexes products were studied by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The temperature of decomposition was lower for metal complexes of cellulose ammonium phosphate than those samples untreated by metal ions and the values of char yield were greater for treated cellulose than those untreated. This indicates the metal ions can catalyze the reaction of degradation and form more char.

Metal Chelates as Flame Retardants and Smoke Suppressants for Flexible Poly (Vinyl Chloride)

The thermal degradation in air of flexible PVC treated with various metal chelates containing Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn combined with two compounds Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2, have been studied by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry from ambient temperature to 1023 K. The kinetic parameters were obtained using the equation of Kissinger. Flexible PVC treated with flame-retardants showed a high limiting oxygen index, char yield and a low smoke density rating, maximum smoke density, which indicated that the flame retardance of the treated PVC was improved.

Study on the Thermal Behaviour and Flammability of the Modified Polyacrylonitrile Fibers

The effects of some kinds of metal ions used as chemical modifications on the thermal properties of the modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were studied by DTA, TG, GC and cone calorimetry. The apparent activation energies for the decomposition of the unmodified and modified PAN fibers were determined using Kissinger equation and Broido equation.

Study on the thermal stability of wool treated with flame-retardant reagents

Abstract The thermal degradation of wool treated with flame-retardant reagents synthesized in our laboratory, namely, (NH 4 ) 3 H 2 PO 4 [Al(H 2 PO 4 ) 5 ], (NH 4 ) 3 Cl[Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 4 ], (NH 4 ) 3 Cl [Mg(H 2 PO 4 ) 4 ], (NH 4 ) 3 H 2 PO 4 [Zn(H 2 PO 4 ) 4 ], K(NH 4 ) 2 Cl[Zn(H 2 PO 4 ) 4 ], Na 3 Cl[Zn(H 2 PO 4 ) 4 ] and H 3 PO 4 [Zn(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ] was studied by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and by measurement of the limiting oxygen index (LOI). The kinetic parameters were obtained using the equations of Brodio and Kissinger. The activation energies were calculated for the decomposition of untreated wool and wool treated with flame-retardant reagents. Experimental data showed that for the wool treated with flame-retardant reagents there were increases in char yield and LOI, and decreases in the activation energy and the temperature of decomposition.