C. Philippe Escoubet

The Cluster Active Archive

Preface.- Part I PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF THE CLUSTER ACTIVE ARCHIVE.- Cluster Active Archive: Overview.- ASPOC data products in the Cluster Active Archive.- Cluster Ion Spectrometry (CIS) Data in the Cluster Active Archive (CAA).- Digital Wave Processor Products in the Cluster Active Archive.- EDI Data Products in the Cluster Active Archive.- The EFW Data in the CAA.- FGM Data Products in the CAA.- PEACE Data in the Cluster Active Archive.- RAPID Products at the Cluster Active Archive.- STAFF Instrument Products Distributed Through the Cluster Active Archive.- Cluster Wideband Data Products in the Cluster Active Archive.- The WHISPER Relaxation Sounder and the CLUSTER Active Archive.- ESOC Data Products in the CAA.- Part II TOOLS FOR THE CAA DATA ANALYSIS.- QSAS, QM Science Analysis Software.- Flexible Tools for Accessing the Cluster Archives.- AMDA, Automated Multi-Dataset Analysis: A web-based service provided by the CDPP.- Cluster CAA Module for PaPCo.- Part III MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CALIBRATION ROUTINES.- Electron density estimation in the magnetotail: a multi-instrument approach.- Cluster-PEACE In-Flight Calibration Status .- Generation and Validation of Ion Energy Spectra Based on Cluster RAPID and CIS Measurements.- Part IV MAGNETOSPHERIC MISSIONS.- The Cluster Mission: Space Plasma in Three Dimensions.- Double Star: Mission, Instruments and Joint Observations.- Part V OBSERVATIONS OF SOLAR WIND AND MAGNETOSHEATH.- Effect of Shock Normal Orientation Fluctuations on Field-Aligned Beam Distributions.- Wave Number Spectra in the Solar Wind, the Foreshock, and the Magnetosheath.- Cluster Hot Flow Anomaly Observations During Solar Cycle Minimum.- On the Growth of Mirror Mode Waves in the Magnetosheath Based on Cluster Observations.- PART VI OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOPAUSE AND CUSP.- Mixed Azimuthal Scales of Flux Transfer Events.- Perspectives Gained From a Combination of Polar, Cluster and ISEE Energetic Particle Measurements in the Dayside Cusp.- EnergeticParticles in the Cusp: A Cluster/RAPID View.- PART VII OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC TAIL.- Plasma Flow Reversals in the Magnetotail and Their Implications on Substorm Models.- Spatial and Temporal Structures in the Vicinity of the Earths Tail Magnetic Separatrix Cluster observations.- Cluster observations of energy conversion regions in the plasma sheet.- Acceleration of >40 keV electrons in near-Earth magnetotail reconnection events.- Evolution and Energization of Energetic Electrons in the Inner Magnetosphere.

The Science of the Cluster Mission

In 1966, in the concluding part of his inaugural lecture at Imperial College London, Jim Dungey discussed the future of magnetospheric physics, in particular indicating that progress in the field required “bunches” of satellites. Indeed, the previous year Dungey had submitted a proposal to the European Space Agency’s predecessor ESRO (European Space Research Organisation) proposing the launch of bunches of spacecraft into the magnetosphere. However it was not until 2000, following the successful 1982 proposal led by G. Haerendel, that the first four spacecraft mission, Cluster, was initiated. This paper provides a select few highlights of the Cluster mission related specifically to some objectives presented in the 1960s by Dungey. In addition, we will indicate future prospects for Cluster, in particular coordination of a number of multi-spacecraft missions—Cluster, THEMIS, Van Allen Probes and Swarm, approaching “bunches of bunches” of satellites.