C.S. Hwang

An overview of the insertion device development at SRRC

Abstract Five high performance insertion devices, namely W20, U10, U5, U9 and EPU5.6, have been constructed and installed in the storage ring of the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (SRRC). Among them, the 2-m-long conventional undulator U10 and the 4-m-long elliptically polarized undulator EPU5.6 were designed and built in-house. These two devices have achieved high magnetic field quality and high spectral performance. To facilitate hard-X-ray experiments, the project of building a superconducting wavelength shifter (SWLS) and a superconducting multi-pole wiggler (SMPW) is ongoing. These two superconducting insertion devices were designed to be cryogen-free.

The design of a compact cryogen-free superconducting wavelength shifter for synchrotron radiation

A compact three-pole superconducting magnet with a warm bore for electron orbit has been designed to serve as a wavelength shifter for Taiwan synchrotron radiation light sources. The wavelength shifter will have a warm beam duct, which is 600 mm in length, 100 mm in width and 20 mm in high. Three pairs of racetrack superconducting coils were designed to create a central field and to adjust the integral field close to zero. A maximum magnetic field of 6.5 Tesla at the central pole will be generated. To avoid induced currents, all six coils are connected electrically in series and powered by a high current power supply. Two low current trim power supplies are used to adjust currents on the two side pairs of coils in order to eliminate the first and the second magnetic field integrals. The shape of pole pieces and superconducting coils are specially designed to minimize the higher harmonic terms of the magnetic field, especially the sextupole field component. Both the superconducting coils and the iron yokes are cooled by a single 1.5 W Gifford-McMahon cryo-cooler. The normal operation of the 6.5 T wavelength shifter will be cryogen free.

A Superconducting Magnetization System With Hybrid Superconducting Wire for the Study and Application of Superconductivity

For the study of high-temperature superconductors and for the application of superconductivity, a superconducting high-field magnetization system with a hybrid superconducting coil was designed. This coil is composed of superconducting wires of three kinds-HTS YBCO 2G-wire, high-field and low-field NbTi wires. Three principal purposes of building this system are to inspect the characteristics of disk-shape bulk YBCO, to develop a HTS-bulk undulator, and to magnetize a portable HTS-bulk high-field magnet for application to a resonant X-ray scattering experiment. With four steps of temperature decrease, a two-stage GM-type cryocooler and liquid nitrogen provide cooling for the magnetization system. The hybrid superconducting coil, two cryogenic systems for the magnetization system and the portable HTS-bulk magnet, and the control and monitor systems that were designed are discussed.

Performances and characteristics of a prototype symmetric hybrid adjustable phase undulator

Abstract In this work, we construct and measure a prototype symmetric Hybrid Adjustable Phase Undulator (HAPU) with nine poles to compare phase change and gap change in terms of their features and performances. HAPU can also provide the different characteristics between the pure and hybrid adjustable phase undulator. The HAPU has been installed in the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (SRRC) storage ring to test the performance of the beam dynamics and photon flux behavior. A three-orthogonal Hall probe and a long-loop-coil measurement system are also implemented to take the field measurements. The multipole field and electron trajectory correction are made by shimming, the magic finger, and the active end pole coil corrector. After the field measurements, the vertical integral strength of HAPU is markedly smaller than that of the Hybrid Adjustable Gap Undulator (HAGU) and confirm that no obvious distinction arises between HAPU and HAGU in terms of the spectrum flux. The electron beam dynamic performance in the storage ring indicates that the vertical tune shift of HAPU is three times smaller than that of HAGU. Meanwhile, the energy dynamic tuning with the digital global feedback turned on, the photon position and flux in the bending chamber beam line is invariant. In addition, the injection efficiency remains unaffected at any phase position and the electron beam lifetime does not change when HAPU is in the dynamic tuning.

Effects of magnets with non-unit magnetic permeability on an elliptically polarizing undulator.

This study employs the three-dimensional magnetostatic code TOSCA to assess numerically the effects of NdFeB magnets with non-unit magnetic permeability on an elliptically polarizing undulator. A reduction of a few percent of the on-axis magnetic field strength is predicted. In addition, a deviation of +/-100 G cm uncompensated dipole steering is predicted in a phase shift of 180 degrees for the elliptically polarizing undulator EPU5.6 (having a period length of 56 mm) at the minimum gap of 18 mm, which is related primarily to the configuration of the device end scheme. Results presented herein demonstrate that implementing an active compensation mechanism is a prerequisite for minimizing the orbit distortion during phase-shift adjustment, particularly for operating such a polarizing undulator in a third-generation machine having a median energy similar to that of the 1.5 GeV storage ring at SRRC.

Different kinds of analysis methods on a rectangular combined function bending magnet

Magnetic field features of a rectangular combined function bending magnet are different from the sector magnet. A strong edge focusing factor (i.e., thin lens effect) intrinsically exists at the two magnet edges for the rectangular bending magnet. Therefore, in this study, we develop two kinds of Hall probe mapping trajectory with four analysis methods to measure and analyze the bending magnet’s field behavior. A sufficient correlation among the four methods is an important feature. Those methods are individually used to derive the pole face tilt and bent, the effective magnetic length and to check the specification establish by the beam dynamics group. As for the two mapping methods, one is called “Radial Mapping” whose mapping trajectories in the longitudinal direction (s-axis) follow the different arc lengths of radius pkr and the transverse trajectories follow the radial displacement kr perpendicular to the arc trajectory. The other one is called “Lamination Mapping” whose mapping trajectories in the longitudinal direction follow the constant arc length of circle radius p and the transverse trajectories follow the transverse axis displacement 5.x parallel to the lamination direction. This study also discusses the differences between those two mapping methods. Results obtained from the harmonic field distribution along the longitudinal direction (including the fringing field) and the main components of the integral strength are compared. The subsequent error of the four analysis methods is 0.01% for the dipole strength and 0.3% for the quadrupole strength individually. According to the specifications, those analysis errors are acceptable. Meanwhile, the accuracies of different methods for the higher multipole strengths are all within tolerances. The peculiar sextupole held behavior at the two magnet edges from the different mapping methods is owing to the effective magnet pole face that will be discussed.

An SRRC elliptically polarizing undulator prototype to examine mechanical design feasibility and magnetic field performance

In this work, a 1 m long Sasaki-type elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) prototype with 5.6 cm period length is used to examine the mechanical design feasibility as well as magnetic field performance. The magnetic field characteristics of the EPU5.6 prototype at various phase shifts and gap motion are described. The field errors from mechanical tolerances, magnet block errors, end field effects and phase/gap motion effects are analysed. The procedures related to correcting the field with the block position tuning, iron shimming and the trim blocks at both ends are outlined.