C. S. Naveen

Low-Frequency Dependence of Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 Nanocomposites

Conducting polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites are synthesized by using a simple and inexpensive one-step in-situ polymerization method in the presence of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. The structural, morphological and electrical properties of the samples are characterized by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy. These results reveal the formation of polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites. The morphology of these samples is studied by scanning electron microscopy. Further, the ac conductivity (σac) of these composites is investigated in the frequency range of 1 kHz–10 MHz. The presence of polarons and bipolarons are responsible for the frequency dependence of ac conductivity in these nanocomposites. The ac conductivity is found to be constant up to 1 MHz and thereafter it increases steeply. The ac conductivity of 0.695 Scm−1 at room temperature is observed as the maxima for the polyaniline with 40wt% of the ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite.

Influence of particle size on band gap and dielectric properties of TiO2 nanomaterials

In this work TiO2 nanomaterial of different particle size were synthesized by varying the pH of the solution by hydrolysis and peptization method. These samples were characterized by XRD, UV and SEM. The XRD reveals the formation of anatase phase form of TiO2 nanoparticles having the particle size in the range 15 nm to 35 nm. The calculated band gap values by Tauc plot for the prepared samples increases with decrease in particle size. These samples are pelletized to study the dielectric properties using Impedence Analyzer Interface in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 M Hz. From the dielectric studies it was observed that dielectric constant, tanδ and dielectric loss were maximum in lower frequency range, as the frequency increases these dielectric parameters decreases rapidly at low frequency region and almost constant values were recorded at higher frequencies. At lower frequencies, the dielectric parameters (dielectric constant, loss, and tanδ) increases with increase of pH up to pH 8 due to space cha...

Effect of particle size on band gap and DC electrical conductivity of TiO2 nanomaterial

Materials reduced to the Nano scale can exhibit different properties compared to what they exhibit on a micro scale, enabling unique applications. When TiO2 is reduced to Nano scale it shows unique properties, of which the electrical aspect is highly important. This paper presents increase in the energy gap and decrease in conductivity with decrease in particle size of pure Nano TiO2 synthesized by hydrolysis and peptization of titanium isopropoxide. Aqueous solution with various pH and peptizing the resultant suspension will form Nano TiO2 at different particle sizes. As the pH of the solution is made acidic reduction in the particle size is observed. And it is confirmed from XRD using Scherer formula and SEM, as prepared samples are studied for UV absorbance, and DC conductivity from room temperature to 400°C. From the tauc plot it was observed, and calculated the energy band gap increases as the particle size decreases and shown TiO2 is direct band gap. From Arrhenius plot clearly we encountered, decre...

Microwave Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Co-Zn Ferrites

The dielectric permittivity, loss tangent, in the frequency range 1MHz to 1.8 GHz and hysteresis loop parameters at room temperature were studied on a series of Zn substituted cobalt ferrites with general formula Co1-xZnx Fe2O4 where (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0.). The experimental results indicate that the Zn substitution affects all these parameters. The observed dispersion in dielectric permittivity with frequency is in accordance with Maxwell-Wagner model. The high temperature sintering is used to synthesize these materials via solid state reaction route and these samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The saturation magnetizations (MS) Hc and Mr of the Particles were measured at room temperature. Here for the smaller dopent concentration Ms increases with increasing in the Zn content this can explained on the basis of increased number of magnetic ions in the spinel lattice, at some point Ms decrease because of the difference between the magnetic moment of Fe2+ and Zn2+, the magnetic moment of the A sub lattice will increases and the moment of the B sub lattice will decrease. The variation of crystalline shape ellipsoid is correlated with variation of dielectric constant.

Size and frequency dependent dielectric properties of tin (IV) oxide nanoparticles synthesized by gel combustion method

Nanocrystalline Tin oxide (SnO2) material with different crystallite size was synthesized using gel combustion method by varying the fuel (C6H8O7) to oxidizer (HNO3) molar ratio as a process parameter. The effect of the molar ratio of fuel to oxidizer in the gel combustion method was investigated by inspecting the crystallite size of nano SnO2 powder. The prepared samples were characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis X-ray Spectroscope (EDAX). The electrical properties of compressed nanocrystalline SnO2 were studied by using LCR meter. Frequency dependence dielectric properties of SnO2 nanoparticles were studied. Dielectric constant and loss tangent were found to be decrease with the increasing frequency. The Size dependent dielectric properties of SnO2 nano materials were studied for the samples with the crystallite size about 12nm, 18nm and 31nm. From the study it was observed that dielectric constant and loss tangent were highly i...

Influence of compositional variation on electrical properties of PANI/SnO2 nanocomposites

Conducting polyaniline/tin oxide (PANI/SnO2) nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by in-situ polymerization technique. The PANI/SnO2 nanocomposites of different compositions were prepared by varying weight percentage of SnO2 nanoparticles such as 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt% and 50 wt% into the fixed amount of the aniline monomer. The prepared powder samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The intensity of diffraction peaks for PANI/SnO2 composites is increases with increasing SnO2 wt%. SEM observation showed that the prepared SnO2 nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed and highly stabilized throughout the macromolecular chain that formed a uniform metal-polymer nanocomposite material. AC electrical conductivity and dielectric properties were studied in the frequency range of 1 KHz -1 MHz. At higher frequencies, the composites exhibit almost zero dielectric loss and maximum value of AC ...

Effect of oxidizer to fuel molar ratio on particle size and DC conductivity of CeO2 nanoparticles

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by solution combustion method with varying the oxidizer (cerium nitrate hexa hydrate) to fuel (Glycine) molar ratio. The prepared samples were characterized by UV-visible spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDAX). XRD pattern reveals the formation of cubic fluorite structure of CeO2. It was observed that finest crystallites were found at extreme fuel-deficient condition and it is good enough to produce favorable powder characteristics. The average crystallite size was found to be 14.46 nm to 21.57 nm. The temperature dependent dc conductivity was carried out using Keithley source meter between the temperature range from 300K to 573K. From this study it was found that the conductivity increases with increase of temperature due to semiconducting behavior of CeO2 and it decreases with particle size due to increase in the energy band gap.

Dielectrical properties of PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites

Conducting polyaniline/titanium dioxide (PANI/TiO2) composites have been succesfully synthesized by insitu polymerization technique. The PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites of different compositions were prepared by varying weight percentage of TiO2 nanoparticles such as 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt% and 50 wt% into the fixed amount of the aniline monomer. The prepared powder samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The intensity of diffraction peaks for PANI/TiO2 composites is lower than that for TiO2. SEM pictures show that the nanocomposite were prepared in the form of long PANi chains decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles. The dielectric properties and AC conductivity were studied in the frequency range1K Hz–10M Hz. At higher frequencies, the composites exhibit almost zero dielectric loss and maximum value of σac is found for a concentration of 20 wt% TiO2 in polyaniline. The interface between polyaniline and TiO2 plays an important role in yielding a large di...

Temperature dependent DC electrical conductivity studies of ZnO nanoparticle thick films prepared by simple solution combustion method

ZnO nanoparticles of different size were prepared by varying the molar ratio of glycine and zinc nitrate hexahydrate as fuel and oxidizer (F/O = 0.8, 1.11, 1.7) by simple solution combustion method. Powder samples were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer, Scanning electron microscope (SEM). DC electrical conductivity measurements at room temperature and in the temperature range of 313-673K were carried out for the prepared thick films and it was found to increase with increase of temperature which confirms the semiconducting nature of the samples. Activation energies were calculated and it was found that, F/O molar ratio 1.7 has low EAL (Low temperature activation energy) and high EAH (High temperature activation energy) compared to other samples.

Effect of fuel to oxidant molar ratio on particle size and LPG sensing properties of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by simple solution combustion method.

ZnO nanoparticles of different size were prepared by varying the molar ratio of glycine and zinc nitrate hexahydrate as fuel and oxidizer (F/O molar ratio = 0.8, 1.11, 1.7) by simple solution combustion method. Powder samples were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM). LPG sensing measurements were carried out in the temperature range 523-673K. It was found that, ZnO nanoparticle thick film prepared from F/O molar ratio 1.7 has maximum sensitivity of 5.20% for 520ppm of LPG at 623K compared to other thick films.