C.T. Ingold

Aquatic spora of Omo Forest, Nigeria

An account is given of spores from scum and foam collected from certain Nigerian streams. Two distinct types of spore belonging to Campylospora spp. are recognized. A kind of spore closely resembling that of Speiropsis pedatospora Tubaki is described. The presence of spores of an undescribed Heliscus sp., previously reported from East and Central Africa, is noted. Spores of Robillarda sp. were seen in one scum sample. A tetra-radiate septate spore with clamp connexions is illustrated.

Ballistospore discharge in Itersonilia perplexans

Ballistospore discharge in Itersonilia perplexans is described. Evidence is presented that a drop of liquid, and not a gas bubble, develops at the hilar appendix immediately before discharge. Spores detached on a micromanipulator needle produce liquid drops. The trajectories of several spores have been plotted. The horizontal and vertical distances of discharge have been measured, and the terminal velocity of sedimentation. From these values, the initial discharge velocity has been estimated at 5.5 m s−1. Evidence is presented that discharged spores carry a negative electrical charge. Two possible mechanisms for spore projection are discussed, a rapid transference of the centre of mass of the spore associated with wetting, and a change in the electrical charge on the spore surface at wetting, followed by electrostatic repulsion.

Stream spora in Nigeria

An illustrated account is given of spores found in the scum and foam of a stream near Ibadan, Nigeria. Spores belonging to Actinospora megalospora Ing., Triscelophorus monosporus Ing. and Campylospora chaetocladia Ranzoni were recognized. Other types of spore seen appear to belong to undescribed species of aquatic Hyphomycetes.

Aquatic hyphomycetes from Uganda and Rhodesia

Twelve known species of aquatic Hyphomycetes are recorded from Uganda and seven from Rhodesia. In addition, a number of previously undescribed types of branched hyphomycete spores are figured from Uganda. One type of spore is shown to have close affinities with spores of Tripospermum and Campylospora. This spore-type is believed to be closely connected with certain spores of curious form previously seen in Britain.

Aquatic hyphomycetes from Jamaica

Aquatic hyphomycetes have been collected from fifteen streams in Jamaica. Fourteen known species are recorded. Jaculispora submersa n.gen., n.sp. is described. Certain spore types belonging to unknown species are illustrated.

Aquatic ascomycetes: Further species from the English Lake district

Belonidium rhenopalaticum Rehm, Pleospora scirpicola (DC.) Karst., Rebentischia sp., Physalospora aquatica sp.nov., and Wettsteinina niesslii Muller are described as occurring submerged on dead reed-swamp plants in the English Lake District. The occurrence there of Leptosphaeria lemaneae (Cohn & Woron.) Sacc. is also noted. The flora of freshwater Ascomycetes is briefly discussed.

Aquatic ascomycetes: Discomycetes from Lakes

An account is given of submerged aquatic Discomycetes growing on reed-swamp plants and water-logged sticks in the English Lake District. The following are recorded and described: Pachyella depressa (Phill.) Boud., Apostemidium guernisaci (Cr.) Boud., Belonium excelsius (Karst.) Boud., Trichobelonium guestphalicum Retim, Pocillum boltonii Phill. and Hypoderma scirpinum DC. Apostemidium sporogyrum sp.n. and Coleosperma lacustre gen.n., sp.n. are described.

Origin of the liquid in Buller's drop

The origin of the liquid in Bullers drop is discussed and evidence presented that Tilletiopsis washingtonensis and I. perplexans may extrude a hygroscopic substance from the punctum lacrymans , resulting in rapid absorption of liquid from a humid atmosphere.

Hyphomycete spores from mountain torrents

A number of branched spores, presumably conidia of aquatic hyphomycetes, are illustrated from foam samples from the Linn of Dee, Scotland, and Glenariff, Northern Ireland. It is considered that one spore type belongs to the genus Ingoldia and another to Triposporina. Culicidospora aquatica R. H. Petersen is reported from both localities. The fungi from which these spores are derived may be growing on submerged wood.

On some hyphomycete spores, including those of Tetracladium maxilliformis, from wheatfen

An account is given of a collection of peculiar spores from the scum on water in a ditch. A number appear to belong to undescribed species. However, many-spores of Tetracladium maxilliformis (Rost.) Ing. were present. These are described and compared with those of T. setigerum (Grove) Ing.