Caciara Gonzatto Maciel

Trichoderma spp no biocontrole de cylindrocladium candelabrum em mudas de eucalyptus saligna

This study tested the effects of commercial biocontrol products on in vitro and in vivo trials against the fungal pathogen Cylindrocladium candelabrum Viegas, leaf blight agent on Eucalyptus saligna. The in vitro tests (direct confrontation and inoculation on detached leaves of E. saligna) were composed by the following treatments: T1 - only C. candelabrum, T2 - 06006S isolate x C. candelabrum, T3 - 53RR isolate x C. candelabrum, T4 - 5D isolate x C. candelabrum; T5 -Agrotrich® x C. candelabrum and T6 - Trichodel® x C. candelabrum. All isolates were efficient in controlling the growth of the pathogen during the direct confrontation test; similarly, Trichoderma spp. 53RR and 06006S, as well as the commercial product Trichodel ®, controlled the symptoms on the detached leaves. In order to complement the in vitro tests, the commercial products Agrotrich® and Trichodel® were tested on E. saligna seedlings cultivated in greenhouse. The following treatments were applied: T1 - control - plants without inoculation; T2 - plants inoculated with C. candelabrum; T3 - plants inoculated with C. candelabrum x Agrotrich®; T4 - plants inoculated with C. candelabrum x Trichodel®; T5 - plants inoculated with Agrotrich® and T6 - plants inoculated with Trichodel®. Trichodel® reduced C. candelabrum damage on E. saligna seedlings.

SANIDADE, TRANSMISSÃO VIA SEMENTE E PATOGENICIDADE DE FUNGOS EM SEMENTES DE Cedrela fissilis PROCEDENTES DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL

Researches about seed pathology of native forest species, especially, those more extensive, are rare. This research aims to evaluate the health of Spanish-cedar seeds through two detection methods, to evaluate the possible transmission of fungi associated to Cedrela fissilis seeds to seedlings and to evaluate the pathogenicity of the fungus transmitted by Cedrela fissilis seeds. For this, seeds from six different locations from Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Parana states were used. The seeds were submitted to sanity tests, by blotter-test and potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) methods, transmission by seeds to the seedlings and to

CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA, MOLECULAR E PATOGENICIDADE DE Fusarium acuminatum E Fusarium verticillioides A Cordia americana

Cordia americana (L.) Gottschling & J. S. Mill. (guajuvira) is a forest species widely distributed in Brazil and represents environmental and economic importance due to the quality of its timber and use in reforestation. In order to evaluate the pathogenicity of Fusarium sp. associated with seeds, characterizing the isolates morphologically and molecularly in order to identify them on the species level, was obtained four fungal isolates that were inoculated in seeds to demonstrate their pathogenicity. The morphological characterization was performed using an identification key for the genus Fusarium and, for the molecular identification, genomic regions Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) were sequenced with its elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1-α). The results of the molecular identification agreed with the morphological characterization and allowed to identify the species Fusarium acuminatum and Fusarium verticillioides , both being pathogenic to Cordia americana , causing damping-off in pre and post emergence, and rotting of roots and necrosis of hypocotyl.

ANTAGONISMO DE Trichoderma SPP. E Bacillus subtilis (UFV3918) A Fusarium sambucinum EM Pinus elliottii ENGELM

Pinus elliottii is an important species in the forest sector, which has restrictions such as seed sanitary quality, especially the association of Fusarium spp., responsible for seedling losses in the nursery. This study evaluated antagonist in vitro and in vivo action of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis (UFV3918) in controlling Fusarium sambucinum, responsible for damage in Pinus elliottii seedlings. The in vitro assay considered the inhibition of mycelial growth (paired comparison of cultures) after incubation at 25 ± 2 oC and photoperiod of 12 hours. For in vivo tests (performed in nursery conditions) seeds were initially inoculated with the pathogen and, subsequently, microbiolized with antagonistic agents, before sowing. The techniques of contact with biocontroller on PDA for 48 hours and seed coating, as forms of microbiolization, were used. Both Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis (UFV3918) were efficient on the in vitro control of F. sambucinum; however, Bacillus subtilis (UFV3918) was more effective against the pathogen on the in vivo biocontrol test, reducing seedlings losses caused by the pathogen and increasing values of length, as well as fresh and dry matter of the seedling.

Fusarium oxysporum and F. verticillioides associated with damping-off in Pinus spp.

Occurrence of Fusarium spp. is one of the problems, most limiting to growth of seedlings, in nurseries. This pathogen can be transmitted via seeds and causes damages to the seedlings during pre- and post-emergence stages. The present study aimed to identify Fusarium spp. at the species level based on morphological and molecular characteristics and to verify the pathogenicity of these isolates in seeds lots of Pinus elliottii and P. taeda. For this, we used two Fusarium isolates and five lots of Pinus spp. seeds. Morphological characterization was performed based on a key, specific to Fusarium spp. identification, whereas, molecular identification was carried out by amplification and sequencing of the regions from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the elongation factor 1-α (tef1). The pathogenicity test was conducted through the contact of the seeds with fungal culture for 48 h, followed by sowing them in sand. The variables evaluated were emergency speed index, percentage of emergency, non-emergency seeds, symptomatic seedlings, and seedling damping-off. One isolate, F1UFSM, was identified as F. verticillioides and another isolate, F2UFSM, was identified as F. oxysporum. Both the isolates were pathogenic to the seeds of Pinus spp., causing a reduction in the percentage of emergence and seedling damping-off.

Formação continuada dos professores das escolas técnicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

This article highlights the importance of the presence of teachers in continuing education courses, aiming to analyze the participation of teachers of Polytechnic and Technical Industrial - Ctism - Colleges of Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM - in continuing education courses. For this, we conducted a quantitative survey and the data collected through a multiple choice questionnaire that was applied to teachers in these institutions. It was concluded that most teachers of Polytechnic and Ctism Colleges of UFSM participate in continuing education courses and institutions to receive this incentive. Still, teachers attend refresher courses in education, even those that are embedded in more technical areas. Key-words: professional development, technological education.

Influência de temperatura e substrato na germinação e no vigor de sementes de Jacaranda micrantha Cham.

The caroba ( Jacaranda micrantha Cham.) is a forest species belonging to the family Bignoniaceae, with the potential for landscaping and commercial plantations, as well as recovering degraded areas. Due to limited information of listed species, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature and substrate suitable for seed germination. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 4 factorial, consisting of combinations of four temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 25-30 °C) and four substrates (sand, commercial substrate, vermiculite and Germitest ® paper), with four replicates of 25 seeds each. The parameters evaluated were speed index of germination, first count germination, germination, length of seedlings, fresh weight and dry weight of normal seedlings. There was no difference between the substrates and temperatures tested in this study, for seed germination of J. micrantha . The 25 °C temperature, 30 °C and 25-30 °C combined with the substrates, sand and Germitest ® paper are suitable for the germination of Jacaranda micrantha seeds, providing, in general, higher germination speed index values and seedling development.

QUALIDADE SANITÁRIA DE SEMENTES DE AVEIA PRETA CV. BRS 139 (Avena strigosa SCHREB) SUBMETIDAS AO ENVELHECIMENTO ACELERADO

O trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos de diferentes tratamentos na sanidade de sementes de aveia preta cv. BRS 139. As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: Vincit ® 50SC, Vincit ® 50SC+Trichodel ® , Trichodel ® e Testemunha sem tratamento. Em seguinda, foram acondicionadas, em caixas do tipo gerbox, com substrato papel-filtro umedecido em agua destilada e esterilizada e permaneceram em câmaras B.O.D. na temperatura de 25oC, com fotoperiodo de 12 horas, ate a avaliacao. Os fungos associados as sementes foram identificados com o auxilio de microscopios estereoscopico e optico, apos sete dias de incubacao. O delineamento estatistico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e oito repeticoes de 50 sementes cada. Os fungos Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp. e Trichoderma spp. foram identificados nas sementes . Os resultados mostraram que o produto quimico (Vincit ® 50SC), isolado ou associado com Trichodel ® , foi eficaz para o controle de fungos potencialmente patogenicos para as sementes de aveia preta. Conclui-se que os tratamentos mais eficientes para o controle dos fungos presentes consistem no produto quimico Vincit ® 50SC utilizado isoladamente e quando associado ao produto biologico Trichodel ® .

Qualidade de sementes e mudas de Schizolobium parahyba procedentes do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar o vigor por diferentes testes e a sanidade de sementes de guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahyba) procedentes dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC) e Parana (PR) e avaliar a qualidade das mudas produzidas por estas sementes. As avaliacoes em sementes foram: teor de agua, germinacao, diferentes testes de vigor e sanidade e as de mudas em viveiro foram: sementes duras e mortas, emergencia, altura de plântula e comprimento de raiz, diâmetro do colo, peso fresco e peso seco. Para as sementes, as amostras procedentes de SC e PR tiveram melhor desempenho nas avaliacoes de primeira contagem de germinacao, massa seca e envelhecimento acelerado, as quais foram eficientes para estratificar as procedencias de sementes em diferentes niveis de vigor. Os fungos encontrados nas sementes foram Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp. e Trichoderma sp. Com relacao as mudas, as sementes de PR apresentaram os melhores resultados nos testes em que as diferencas foram significativas (emergencia, comprimento de raiz e peso de materia seca de plântulas). Algumas variaveis de laboratorio tiveram correlacao com as de viveiro, indicando estreita relacao entre os testes.