Caio Peixoto Chain

Acid tolerant Rhizobium strains contribute to increasing the yield and profitability of common bean in tropical soils

Symbiosis of common bean with nitrogen-fixing bacteria can lead to a reduction in production costs and in environmental impacts. Considering the diversity of soils and climates, it is important to validate bacterial strains under different conditions to consolidate their recommendation as inoculants. Studies concerning the economic viability of Rhizobium inoculation in common bean are few, but they could assist in choosing the strain to be adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Rhizobium strains isolated from acid soils from the Amazon inoculated in seeds of the ‘BRSMG Madrepérola’ cultivar and to evaluate the economic viability of their use in the field. Four field experiments were conducted in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used with four replications and seven treatments: inoculation with the strains CIAT 899 (Rhizobium tropici), UFLA 02-100 (R. etli), UFLA 02-68 (R. etli bv. mimosae), UFLA 02-127 (R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli), and UFLA 04-173 (R. miluonense), plus two controls, one without inoculation + mineral nitrogen (N-urea) at a rate of 80 kg N ha-1 and another without inoculation and without mineral N. The strain CIAT 899 is already recommended for the manufacture of commercial inoculants, and the others, collected in the Amazon region, have proven to be highly effective in biological nitrogen fixation. Symbiosis of common bean with all the strains evaluated leads to satisfactory yields, with reduction in the application rate of mineral nitrogen and in environmental impacts and, consequently, reduction in economic costs, with higher profitability.

Disputas Comerciais na OMC e no Mercosul: Divergências entre Brasil e Argentina sob a Perspectiva da Integração Regional

O comercio internacional apresenta-se como uma importante forma de internacionalizacao da producao que esta influenciando o crescente movimento de integracao regional, ocorrido principalmente a partir dos anos 80. Da mesma forma que as relacoes comerciais entre paises podem impulsionar a integracao regional, as divergencias comerciais entre eles podem impactar negativamente este processo. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar as divergencias comerciais entre Brasil e Argentina acionadas via OMC; relacionar estas disputas com o Sistema de Solucao de Controversias do MERCOSUL quando acionadas simultaneamente; e verificar os impactos no MERCOSUL. Foram levantados tres casos por meio de levantamento bibliografico: No setor textil, agronegocio e petroquimico. Concluiu-se que as disputas comerciais entre Brasil e Argentina ocorreram pela influencia de empresas privadas ao se sentirem prejudicadas de alguma forma frente aos tratados de integracao comercial. Porem, para uma controversia ser conduzida a instâncias internacionais, existe uma concordância do governo nacional de que esta havendo algum tipo de violacao ao direito comercial internacional. Essas situacoes tendem a gerar consequencias politicas, em geral negativas, entre o pais demandante e demandado que afetam o processo de integracao regional.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE QUANTITATIVE METHODS APPLIED TO THE MEASUREMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE QUANTITATIVE METHODS

Literature on methods for analysing interindustry interdependence and geographical concentration of firms began to multiply since the 1990s. The aim of this paper was to systematize the literature on methods and measures applied to the analysis of industrial clusters, as well as to identify trends in this knowledge field. The method used was bibliometrics, which consisted of a frequency evaluation of the publications and the relationship network between them. It was verified an exponential increase in the number of papers that composed this area, based mainly on the theories of New Economic Geography. Recently, the literature has focused on the geographic location in relation to interindustry linkages, and the frontier of knowledge has shifted from traditional methods of regional science to areas such as spatial statistics, econophysics and artificial intelligence. There are still relevant questions being explored, as Modifiable Area Unit Problem (aggregation bias), nevertheless, spatial anisotropy (directional bias) is still neglected and indicates a new research path.

Estrutura de capital e assimetria de informação: um estudo em empresas brasileiras de capital aberto dos setores têxtil e de energia elétrica

Given the various theories of capital structure and the Pecking Order theory, the present study related the information asymmetry and the capital structure of companies aiming to verify if information asymmetry affects the definition of the capital structure of Brazilian companies held in the electric power industry and textile. The research involved a sample of 53 companies, 31 of the electricity and 22 textiles sector during the years 2008 to 2012. The methodology used was regression with panel data, it allows the same unit cross-sectional monitored over time. The results showed that information asymmetry is an important determinant of capital structure, but that the sectors diverge with respect to the Pecking Order Theory. In the case of the energy sector to reduce information asymmetry led to a propensity for debt, while the textile sector, the opposite occurred, as companies less susceptible to information asymmetry are averse to debt.