Cao Zeng

Divertor Experiments with MBI and Strong Gas Puffing on HL-2A

In the HL-2A 2004 experiment campaign, pulsed molecular beam injection (MBI) and strong hydrogen gas puffing under the divertor configuration were used for gas fueling. The experimental results show that the MBI of hydrogen can reduce the heat flux to the divertor target plate. The electron temperature measured by the Langmuir probe array decreases significantly during the injection of the molecular beam whereas the electron density increases. This indicates that the plasma pressure near the target plates tends to be constant at a new equilibrium level. In the divertor plasmas with strong hydrogen gas puffing a high plasma density up to 4.4 ×xa01019 m−3 was achieved. In addition, a phenomenon similar to the partially detached divertor regime was observed, which is being studied in open divertor tokamaks such as DIII-D to reduce the peak heat flux on the target plates near the separatrix. After a strong gas puffing the electron temperature measured on the outer divertor target plate near the separatrix decreases till below 5 eV or even lower, but that of the farther outer divertor target plate does not change obviously; and the CIII and the Hα emissions at the plasma edge decrease as expected, but the Hα emission near the X-point increases. These results reflects some interesting characteristics, which needs to be studied by further modeling and experiments.

Pellet Enhanced Performance on the HL-2A Tokamak

Enhanced confinement has been achieved by the centre fuelling of pellet injection on the HL-2A tokamak. The energy confinement time increases from 50 ms to 140 ms after the pellet injection. Experimental results show that the improvement of the confinement is related to the decrease of the electron heat transport. Several phenomena which may lead to the improved confinement have been observed in the experiments. After the pellet injection the hollow electron temperature profile and the peaked electron density profile can be sustained for about 200 ms, but the improved confinement remains at about 500 ms. Sawtooth features and MHD modes have been observed by soft x-ray array and the Mirnov probes. The weak (or reversed) magnetic shear is thought to be an important cause of the low electron heat transport.

Impurity behaviours of HL-2A divertor Tokamak during the initial operation period

The divertor configuration was successfully formed and the siliconization as a wall conditioning was first achieved on HL-2A tokamak experimentally in 2004. The divertor configuration is reconstructed by the use of the CFC code. Impurity as an important issue is investigated in the experiments with divertor configuration and wall conditioning. Impurities dramatically decrease after both the divertor configuration is formed and silicon is coated on the surface of the vacuum vessel.

Preliminary Calculation of Electromagnetic Loads on Vacuum Vessel of HL-2M

For a robust design of vacuum vessel of HL-2M, the electromagnetic (EM) loads have to be understood clearly. In this paper, some crucial transient events, such as plasma major disruptions (MDs), vertical displacement events (VDEs), fast discharge of toroidal field (TF) coils, have been investigated to evaluate the eddy currents and EM forces on vacuum vessel and in-vessel components. The results show that the eddy currents depend strongly on the current decay time, and the maximum toroidal eddy current flowing in the whole vessel can reach up to 2.4 MA during MDs that is close to the plasma current. Large symmetric radial forces and a net vertical force on vessel shells could be caused by these transient events. Combination of eddy currents in in-vessel components and toroidal field could twist the copper plates and other internal parts, however, if these plates are supported and connected carefully, the twist moments will not have a big effect on the vessel shells and vessel support.

Density Limits with Different Fuelling Methods in the HL-2A Tokamak

Density limits with different fuelling methods have been compared in HL-2A, i.e. direct gas puffing and supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) from outer midplane, and divertor gas fuelling. The maximum densities for low current discharges are 3.4×1019 m−3, 4.3×1019 m−3 and 4.7×1019 m−3 for the 3 kinds of fuelling methods. The corresponding density ratios to Greenwald density limit are 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, respectively. The behavior of density limit disruption is analyzed as well.

The first results of siliconization on SWIP-RFP device

Abstract The first results of reversed field pinch (RFP) and ultra low safety factor (ULQ) plasma experiments with siliconization on SWIP-RFP device are presented in this paper. The siliconization decreases the impurity concentrations in the plasma and increases the configuration sustainment time. Ion temperature has been estimated with the CV line of the visible light spectra and the broadening of CIII lines in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region. The anomalous ion heating as well as the anomalous resistance were observed.

Experimental Results with Siliconization in Reversed Field Pinch Device

Reversed field pinch (RFP) and ultralow safety factor plasma experimental performances with pulsed discharge cleaning and siliconization on SWIP-RFP device are presented. The wall siliconization was performed by using the device discharges. The experimental results with siliconization in RFP devices showed that the impurity concentrations were decreased in the plasma and better plasma parameters were obtained in the device.