Carine Picot

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-phenyl-1-[(pyridinyl- and piperidinylmethyl)amino]-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols as antifungal agents.

Continuous efforts on the synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies of modified 1-benzylamino-2-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols as antifungal agents, allowed identification of new 1-[(pyridinyl- and piperidinylmethyl)amino] derivatives with MIC(80) values ranging from 1410.0 to 23.0ngmL(-1) on Candidaalbicans. These results confirmed both the importance of pi-pi stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions in the active site of CYP51-C. albicans.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,3-diarylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as antileishmanial agents

A novel series of 2,3-diarylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was synthesized and evaluated for their antileishmanial activities. Four derivatives exhibited good activity against the promastigote and intracellular amastigote stages of Leishmania major, coupled with a low cytotoxicity against the HeLa human cell line. The impact of compound lipophilicity on antiparasitic activities was investigated by Log D comparison. Although LmCK1 could be the parasitic target for three compounds (13, 18, 21), the inhibition of another target is under study to explain the antileishmanial effect of the most promising compounds.

Discovery of a Novel Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Agent Derived from Albaconazole

Synthesis of a strict structural analogue of albaconazole in which the quinazolinone ring is fused by a thiazole moiety led to the discovery of a new triazole with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Compound I exhibited high in vitro activity against pathogenic Candida species and filamentous fungi and showed preliminary in vivo antifungal efficacy in a mice model of systemic candidiasis.

Design of new antifungal agents: synthesis and evaluation of 1-[(1H-indol-5-ylmethyl)amino]-2-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols.

We previously reported on the design and synthesis of 1-[((hetero)aryl- or piperidinylmethyl)amino]-2-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols showing various degrees of antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus strains. Now we have identified a series of 1-[(1H-indol-5-ylmethyl)amino] derivatives which exhibited potent MICs (<65 ng mL(-1)) against C. albicans strain. The synthesis and SAR behind the indole scaffold will be discussed.

Synthesis and in vitro antifungal evaluation of 2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)-1-((1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)methylamino)-3- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols

We extended our previous studies based on the design of 1-[(1H-indol-5-ylmethyl)amino]-2-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols as antifungal agents toward the identification of new indol-3-ylmethylamino derivatives. The majority of these compounds exhibited antifungal activity against a Candida albicans strain (minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 199.0 to 381.0 ng/mL) suggesting an inhibition of 14α-demethylase by sterol analysis studies, but are weaker inhibitors compared to their indol-5-ylmethylamino analogs.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1-[(Biarylmethyl)methylamino]-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols as Potent Antifungal Agents: New Insights into Structure–Activity Relationships

We recently reported the design and synthesis of azole antifungal agents with a focus on modifications to the side chain appended to the propanol group. Herein we have identified a series of new 1‐[(biarylmethyl)methylamino] derivatives with broad‐spectrum antifungal activities against the most prevalent human pathogenic fungi (Candida spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus). Compounds containing a flexible benzylamine moiety were clearly shown to yield the best antifungal activities, without the need for a hydrogen‐bond acceptor substituent directly attached to the para position. We were also able to determine that selected compounds are able to overcome gene overexpression and point mutations that lead to reduced susceptibility or resistance against current treatments, such as fluconazole. As the minor differences observed with small structural modifications cannot be explain with only a three‐dimensional model of CYP51, adequate physicochemical parameters must be evaluated in terms of antifungal potency, bioavailability, and toxicity. Therefore, structure–activity relationship studies such as these reveal new insights for the development of future antifungal therapies.

Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Antifungal Activity of 1-((4- Substituted-benzyl)methylamino)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols

As part of our studies focused on the design of 1‐[((hetero)aryl‐ and piperidinylmethyl)amino]‐2‐phenyl‐3‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)propan‐2‐ols as antifungal agents, we report the development of new extended benzylamine derivatives substituted at the para position by sulfonamide or retrosulfonamide groups linked to alkyl or aryl chains. These molecules have broad‐spectrum antifungal activities not only against Candida spp., including fluconazole‐resistant strains, but also against a filamentous species (A. fumigatus). Concerning fluconazole resistance, selected compounds exhibit the capacity to overcome CDR and ERG11 gene upregulation and to maintain antifungal activity despite a recognized critical CYP51 substitution in C. albicans isolates. Synthesis, investigation of the mechanism of action by sterol analysis in a C. albicans strain, and structure–activity relationships (SARs) are reported.

Potential Inhibitors of Angiogenesis. Part I: 3-(Imidazol-4(5)-ylmethylene)indolin-2-ones

The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new 3-(imidazol-4(5)-ylmethylene)indolin-2-ones, analogues of SU-5416, are reported. The final compounds 20-51 were obtained by Knoevenagel coupling between the substituted indolin-2-ones 1-15 and either the formylimidazole derivatives 16-18 or 2-formyl-3,5-dimethylpyrrole 19. Methylation at the nitrogen atom of the indolin-2-one and/or imidazole moities was carried out in the presence of the couple NaH/DMF. A Mannich reaction afforded the 1-dimethylaminomethyl derivatives 43 and 48. The antiangiogenic activity of these compounds was evaluated in a three dimensional in vitro rat aortic ring assay. In this test, compound 20 induced a decrease of angiogenesis comparable to that observed with SU-5416; the vascular density indexes at 1 μM were 30±18 and 22±4 % of control, respectively. The compounds were also evaluated, in an independent manner, as inhibitors of the human EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase activity. As expected, only minor activities were observed with four compounds, out of thirty-one, exerting inhibitory effects in the range of 40-55 % at 10 μM concentration.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of 3-(imidazol- 1-ylmethyl)indoles as antileishmanial agents. Part II.

A new series of 1-benzyl-3-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)indoles were synthesized according to a previous 3D-QSAR predictive model and assayed for their antiparasitic activity upon Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. The biological results obtained for these twelve molecules showed an IC50 ranging from 2.3 to 32 μM and mainly illustrated the importance of the hydrophobic parameter the para-position of the benzyl group. In order to improve the activities of these compounds and to check the potential influence of the electronic parameter on this particular position, a Craig diagram was used to select original electro-donating and lipophilic substituents. Synthesis and biological evaluation of ten new compounds (IC50 between 2.5 and 5.4 μM) confirmed that only the hydrophobic field is essential for a high level of activity.

Synthesis, antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity of 2,3-diaryl- and 2,3,8-trisubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines

A series of original 2-phenyl-3-(pyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines and the 3-iodo precursors, bearing a polar moiety at the C-8 position, was synthesized and evaluated for their antileishmanial activities. Two derivatives exhibited very good activity against the promastigote and the amastigote forms of Leishmania major in the micromolar to submicromolar ranges, coupled with a low cytotoxicity against macrophages and 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. Through LmCK1 inhibition assay, investigations of the putative molecular target of these promising antileishmanial compounds will be discussed.