Carl E. Anderson

DEGENERATION OF IMMOBILIZED KNEE JOINTS IN RATS; HISTOLOGICAL AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY.

This is a histological and autoradiographic study of certain factors responsible for degeneration occurring in immobilized normal rat knees. Knees which have been denervated, immobilized and denervated, and immobilized with and without weight-bearing were studied. The weight-bearing and non-weight-b

The Composition of the Organic Component of Human Articular Cartilage: Relationship To Age And Degenerative Joint Disease

The collagen, mucopolysaccharides, sulphur, non-protein nitrogen, and non-collagenous protein content were determined in the articular cartilage of joints of the lower extremity its sixty patients. The results were analyzed with relation to the ages of the patients, the sites from which the cartilag

Spondyloschisis Following Spine Fusion

No final conclusion can be drawn as to the cause of these defects. It is suggested, however, that they may represent stress or fatigue fractures which were caused by alterations in the stresses following stiffening of the adjacent vertebral joints.

Morquio's Disease and Dysplasia Epiphysalis Multiplex

The microscopic pathology of the epiphyseal cartilage plates and adjacent bone in seven patients with dwarfism and skeletal deformities has been reported. In two of the patients the clinical picture is clearly that of Morquios syndrome; in two others, the picture resembles dysplasia epiphysalis multiplex; and in the remaining three there are some of the roentgenographic criteria of both of these conditions. Similar pathological changes were present in the epiphyseal cartilage plate in all seven cases. The essential defect is in the epiphyseal chondrocytes which fail to reach the zone of ossification in adequate numbers or in a fully developed hypertrophic condition, resulting in defective enchondral ossification. Deficient metaphyseal osteogenesis results from inadequate chondrocyte proliferation and maturation. Cystic amid mucoid degeneration of cartilage matrix and areas of aberrant epiphyseal ossification are also noted. None of the storage phenomena of Hurlers syndrome are present. The pathological findings in dysplasia epiphysalis multiplex, Morquios disease, and achondroplasia relate directly to epiphyseal chondrocyte dysfunction. These conditions might therefore be grouped together under the term chondrogenic dwarfism to indicate their common pathological relationship. The epiphyseal cartilage changes in these coniditions are readily distinguished from those usually associated with dietary deficiencies and endocrine disorders in human subjects.

Thallium chondrodystrophy in chick embryos. An histological and biochemical investigation.

The gross, histological, and selected chemical effects on developing chick embryos resulting from injection of thallous salts into the yolk sac have been described. A specific time-related and dose-related alteration of the embryonal cartilage of the long bones follows this treatment and results in a characteristic skeletal deformity. In the chick embryo, the skeletal cartilage appears to have a tissue-specific susceptibility to certain dosages of thallous salts. Chondrocyte necrosis, defective chondrocyte maturation, and, perhaps, an alteration in the metabolic pathways of mucopolysaccharide synthesis appear to be caused by a direct cytotoxic effect of thallous salts under the conditions of these experiments.