Network


Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.

Hotspot


Dive into the research topics where Carl N. Sprung is active.

Publication


Featured researches published by Carl N. Sprung.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2007

DNA double-strand break induction and repair in irradiated lymphoblastoid, fibroblast cell lines and white blood cells from ATM, NBS and radiosensitive patients.

Hans Strasser; Gerhard G. Grabenbauer; Carl N. Sprung; Rolf Sauer; Luitpold Distel

Background and Purpose:DNA double-strand breaks (dsbs) in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), fibroblasts and white blood cells from healthy donors, cancer patients with and without late effects of grade 3–4 (RTOG) as well as donors with known radiosensitivity syndromes were examined with the aim to detect dsb repair ability as a marker for radiosensitivity.Material and Methods:LCLs from six healthy donors, seven patients with a heterozygous or homozygous genotype for ataxiatelangiectasia (ATM) and Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), two patients with a late toxicity of grade 3–4 (RTOG), and one cell line with a ligase IV–/– status and its parental cell line were examined. Furthermore, fibroblasts from patients with ATM, NBS, two healthy control individuals, and leukocytes from 16 healthy and 22 cancer patients including seven patients with clinical hypersensitivity grade 3 (RTOG) were examined. Cells were irradiated in vitro with 0–150 Gy. Initial damage as well as remaining damage after 8 and 24 h were measured using constant field gel electrophoresis.Results:In contrast to cells derived from patients homozygous for NBS, impaired dsb repair ability could be detected both in fibroblast and lymphoblastoid cells from ATM and ligase IV–/– patients. The dsb repair ability of all 38 leukocyte cell lines (patients with grade 3–4 late effects and controls) was similar, whereas the initial damage among healthy donors was less.Conclusion:Despite showing a clinically elevated radiosensitivity after irradiation, the DNA repair of the patients with clinical hypersensitivity grade 3 (RTOG) appeared to be normal. Other mechanisms such as mutations, altered cell cycle or defective apoptosis could play a critical role toward determining radiosensitivity.Hintergrund und Ziel:DNA-Doppelstrangbrüche in lymphoblastoiden Zelllinien (LCLs), Fibroblasten und Leukozyten von Probanden, Krebspatienten mit und ohne Spättoxizität Grad 3–4 (RTOG) sowie von Spendern mit Strahlenempfindlichkeitssyndromen wurden mit dem Ziel untersucht, Doppelstrangbruch-Reparaturfähigkeit als einen Marker zur Detektion von Strahlenempfindlichkeit zu verwenden. Dies basiert auf der Hypothese, dass erhöht strahlenempfindliche Zellen auf In-vitro-Bestrahlung eine erniedrigte Reparaturfähigkeit von Doppelstrangbrüchen zeigen.Material und Methodik:Epstein-Barr-Virus-(EBV-)transformierte LCLs von sechs gesunden Spendern, sieben Patienten mit heterozygotem oder homozygotem Genotyp für Ataxia teleangiectatica (ATM) und Nijmegen-Breakage-Syndrom (NBS), zwei Patienten mit Spättoxizität Grad 3–4 (RTOG) und eine Zelllinie mit einem Ligase-IV–/–-Status mit ihrer Mutterzelllinie wurden untersucht. Des Weiteren wurden Fibroblasten von Patienten mit ATM bzw. NBS und zwei gesunden Kontrollpersonen sowie Leukozyten von 16 Gesunden und 22 Krebspatienten einschließlich sieben Patienten mit nachgewiesener Strahlenempfindlichkeit untersucht. Die Zellen wurden in vitro mit einer Einzeldosis zwischen 0 und 150 Gy bestrahlt. Der Initialschaden sowie der Restschaden nach einer Reparaturzeit von 8 bzw. 24 h wurden mit Hilfe der Gelelektrophorese gemessen.Ergebnisse:Im Gegensatz zu den Zellen, die von NBS-Patienten stammten, ließ sich sowohl in den Fibroblasten als auch in den lymphoblastoiden Zelllinien, bei den ATM-Zellen und der Ligase-IV–/–-Zelllinie eine erniedrigte Doppelstrangbruch-Reparaturfähigkeit nachweisen. Die Doppelstrangbruch-Reparaturfähigkeit der Leukozyten aller 38 Patienten und Kontrollpersonen war sehr ähnlich, während die Leukozyten der Kontrollpersonen erniedrigte Initialschäden aufwiesen. Entsprechend konnten keine strahlenempfindlichen Krebspatienten durch erniedrigte Doppelstrangbruch-Reparaturfähigkeit identifiziert werden.Schlussfolgerung:Trotz erhöhter klinischer Strahlenempfindlichkeit konnte keine signifikant erhöhte Anzahl von verbleibenden DNA-Doppelstrangbrüchen in den Leukozyten dieser Patienten gefunden werden. Andere Mechanismen, wie erlittene Mutationen oder gestörte Regelmechanismen in Zellzykluskontrolle oder Apoptose, könnten dafür ursächlich sein.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2005

Individual radiosensitivity does not correlate with radiation-induced apoptosis in lymphoblastoid cell lines or CD3+ lymphocytes

Anja Wistop; Ulrike Keller; Carl N. Sprung; Gerhard G. Grabenbauer; Rolf Sauer; Luitpold Distel

Background and Purpose:Spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from healthy donors, cancer patients and donors with radiosensitivity syndromes as well as CD3+ lymphocytes from patients with ≥ grade 3 late toxicity were investigated as a possible marker for the detection of individual radiosensitivity. These investigations are based on the hypothesis that hypersensitive patients have reduced levels of apoptosis after in vitro irradiation as a result of a defect in the signaling pathway.Material and Methods:Epstein-Barr virus-(EBV-)transformed LCLs derived from five healthy donors, seven patients with heterozygous or homozygous genotype for ataxia-telangiectasia or Nijmegen breakage syndrome and five patients with ≥ grade 3 late toxicity (RTOG) were investigated. In addition, CD3+ lymphocytes from 21 healthy individuals and 18 cancer patients including five patients with a proven cellular hypersensitivity to radiation were analyzed. Cells were irradiated in vitro with a dose of 2 and 5 Gy and were incubated for 48 h. Apoptotic rates were measured by the TUNEL assay followed by customized image analysis.Results:Four out of seven radiosensitivity syndrome patients were identified to have an increased cellular radiosensitivity as determined by reduced apoptotic rates after irradiation of their respective LCLs. Comparatively, only two of the five hypersensitive cancer patients were clearly identified by reduced apoptotic rates. Spontaneous apoptotic rates were very homogeneous among all 39 samples from controls and patients, while lymphocytes of all cancer patients showed significantly lower radiation-induced rates.Conclusion:Only a subgroup of hypersensitive patients may be identified by reduction of radiation-induced apoptotic rate. It is concluded that the hypothesis according to which hypersensitive cells have reduced levels of apoptosis is only conditionally true. The authors suggest that this assay can be used in combination with additional tests evaluating DNA double-strand break repair, cell-cycle control and chromosomal aberrations for the evaluation for individual hypersensitivity.Hintergrund und Ziel:Spontane und strahleninduzierte Apoptose in lymphoblastoiden Zelllinien (LCL) von Gesunden, Krebspatienten und Spendern mit Strahlenempfindlichkeitssyndromen sowie in CD3+-Lymphozyten von Patienten mit Spättoxizität ≥ Grad 3 wurden mit dem Ziel untersucht, Apoptose als einen Marker zur Detektion von Strahlenempfindlichkeit zu verwenden. Dies basiert auf der Hypothese, dass erhöht strahlenempfindliche Zellen auf In-vitro-Bestrahlung mit erniedrigten Apoptoseraten reagieren, was durch eine Störung in der Signaltransduktion bedingt ist.Material und Methodik:Epstein-Barr-Virus-(EBV-)transformierte LCL von fünf gesunden Spendern, sieben Patienten mit heterozygotem oder homozygotem Genotyp für Ataxia teleangiectatica oder Nijmegen-Breakage-Syndrom und fünf Patienten mit Spättoxizität ≥ Grad 3 (RTOG) wurden untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden CD3+-Lymphozyten von 21 Gesunden und 18 Krebspatienten einschließlich fünf Patienten mit nachgewiesener Strahlenempfindlichkeit untersucht. Die Zellen wurden in vitro mit 2 und 5 Gy bestrahlt und für 48 h inkubiert. Die Apoptoseraten wurden mit dem TUNEL-Assay und einem selbst entwickelten Bildanalysesystem gemessen.Ergebnisse:Nur vier der sieben Patienten mit Strahlenempfindlichkeitssyndromen wiesen eine durch erniedrigte Apoptoseraten belegte zelluläre Strahlenempfindlichkeit auf. Entsprechend konnten nur zwei der fünf erhöht strahlenempfindlichen Krebspatienten durch erniedrigte Apoptoseraten identifiziert werden. Die spontanen Apoptoseraten der Lymphozyten aller 39 Patienten und Kontrollen waren in sich sehr ähnlich, während die Lymphozyten der Krebspatienten erniedrigte strahleninduzierte Apoptoseraten aufwiesen.Schlussfolgerung:Nur eine Untergruppe der erhöht strahlenempfindlichen Patienten kann durch erniedrigte Apoptoseraten identifiziert werden. Die Hypothese, dass strahlenempfindliche Zellen mit reduzierten Apoptoseraten auf In-vitro-Bestrahlung reagieren, gilt nur teilweise. Für die Detektion von erhöhter Strahlenempfindlichkeit wäre eine Kombination mit anderen Tests, die die DNA-Doppelstrangbruch-Reparatur, Zellzykluskontrolle und chromosomale Aberrationen untersuchen, zu empfehlen.


International Journal of Radiation Biology | 2007

Time and dose-dependent activation of p53 serine 15 phosphorylation among cell lines with different radiation sensitivity.

Michael Wittlinger; Gerhard G. Grabenbauer; Carl N. Sprung; Rolf Sauer; Luitpold Distel

Purpose:u2003Proper detection of DNA damage and signal transduction to other proteins following irradiation (IR) is essential for cellular integrity. The serine 15 (Ser15) on p53 is crucial for p53 stabilization and a requirement for transient and permanent cell cycle arrest. Here, we sought to determine the relationship between p53 serine 15 phosphorylation (p53-p-Ser15) on cellular sensitivity and if this modification is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Materials and methods:u2003Eight lymphoblastoid cell lines including ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) and radiosensitive patient derived cell lines were irradiated with 1 Gy, 2 Gy and 5 Gy. Then growth inhibition, p53 induction and phosphorylation on Ser15 as assessed by immunoblotting and DNA DSB repair as assessed by constant field gel electrophoresis were examined. Results:u2003Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 in control cells rapidly increased, peaking at 3 – 6 hours and then sustained a low level of phosphorylation for up to 6 days following IR. For these cell lines, the amount of p53-p-Ser15 corresponded to the sensitivity of cells and the amount of DNA DSB. In A-T cells, p53-p-Ser15 was reduced in spite of increased DNA DSB. NBS cells had similar phosphorylation dynamics as the control cell line, which was not consistent with their increased sensitivity. Radiosensitive patients cell lines differed only slightly from controls. Conclusions:u2003Cells that are competent in signal transduction have p53-p-Ser15 kinetics corresponding to cellular radiosensitivity as assessed by clonogenicity and DNA DSB repair, and cells impaired in signal transduction lack this correspondence. Therefore, using p53-p-Ser15 as a general marker of radiation sensitivity has confounding factors which may impair proper radiosensitivity prediction.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2007

Potential for the G2/M arrest assay to predict patient susceptibility to severe reactions following radiotherapy.

Alexandra Perez; Gerhard G. Grabenbauer; Carl N. Sprung; Rolf Sauer; Luitpold Distel

Background and Purpose:Cell-cycle regulation and checkpoint activation are crucial factors for radiation-induced DNA damage processing. The G2/M phase arrest was assessed in lymphoblastoid cell lines and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T-lymphocytes of different radiosensitivities to study the relationship of G2/M arrest to radiosensitivity.Material and Methods:G2/M arrest was analyzed after in vitro irradiation by 2 and 5 Gy of ionizing radiation up to 6 days using 17 lymphoblastoid cell lines from healthy individuals, ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) patients, Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) patients and cancer patients with clinically increased radiosensitivity. In a second approach, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T-lymphocytes from 15 healthy individuals, twelve cancer patients, and five cancer patients hypersensitive to ionizing radiation were studied. Image cytometry was performed to analyze G2/M arrest.Results:Two of the three AT cell lines showed markedly increased G2/M arrest compared to controls. NBS cells were comparable to controls up to day 3, but then demonstrated a slightly increased G2/M arrest. Two of the six radiosensitive lymphoblast cell lines and the five radiosensitive cancer patients T-lymphocytes assayed showed a reduction in G2/M arrest, while healthy individuals showed no difference from cancer patients.Conclusion:The interrelation between G2/M arrest and radiosensitivity is not readily apparent since a variety of radiosensitive cells from patients with radiosensitive syndromes and patients identified as radiosensitive following radiation treatment showed inconsistent G2/M arrest dynamics. Secondary effects, like loss of clonogenicity, G1/S phase arrest and failure of G2/M arrest may contribute to variation of the G2/M arrest endpoint and obscure assessment of cellular radiosensitivity using this method.Hintergrund und Ziel:Die Zellzyklusregulation und Aktivierung der Kontrollpunkte des Zellzyklus sind für die strahleninduzierte DNA-Schadensbearbeitung wichtig. Hier wurde der G2/M-Arrest in Zellen unterschiedlicher Strahlenempfindlichkeit verglichen.Material und Methodik:Der G2/M-Arrest wurde nach In-vitro-Bestrahlung bei 17 lymphoblastoiden Zelllinien von gesunden Personen, homozygoten Patienten für Ataxia teleangiectatica (AT), Nijmegen-Breakage-Syndrom (NBS) und klinisch erhöht strahlenempfindlichen Patienten sowie bei phytohämagglutininstimulierten T-Lymphozyten von 15 Gesunden, zwölf Krebspatienten und fünf erhöht strahlenempfindlichen Patienten untersucht. Der G2/M-Arrest wurde mit der Image-Zytometrie bestimmt.Ergebnisse:In zwei der drei AT-Zelllinien war der G2/M-Arrest im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen deutlich verstärkt. NBS-Zellen waren bis zu 3 Tage nach Bestrahlung vergleichbar mit Kontrollen und reagierten dann mit einem leicht erhöhten G2/M-Arrest. Zwei der sechs strahlenempfindlichen lymphoblastoiden Zelllinien und die T-Lymphozyten der fünf erhöht strahlenempfindlichen Patienten wiesen einen verringerten G2/M-Arrest auf. Zwischen den T-Lymphozyten der gesunden Personen und Krebspatienten bestand kein Unterschied.Schlussfolgerung:Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Höhe des G2/M-Arrests und der Strahlenempfindlichkeit ist nicht so eindeutig, da Zellen von Patienten mit Strahlenempfindlichkeitssyndromen und klinisch strahlenempfindliche Patienten einen unterschiedlichen G2/M-Arrest zeigten. Effekte wie Zellinaktivierung, ein erhöhter G1-Arrest und ein verminderter G2/M-Arrest könnten dazu beitragen, dass strahlenempfindliche Patienten mit dieser Methode schwierig zu identifizieren sind.


International Journal of Radiation Biology | 2007

Uncoupling of telomere length and radiosensitivity in mouse lymphoma cell lines of similar genetic background

Carl N. Sprung; Deborah S.P. Davey; Su Kah Goh; Ian R. Radford; Michael J. McKay

Purpose: To investigate the link between radiosensitivity and telomere length in murine lymphoid cell line stocks that have similar genetic backgrounds but different radiosensitivities. Materials and methods: We used two stocks from both the parental L5178Y-R cell line and the repair-deficient radiosensitive subline, L5178Y-S, to assess telomere length. We used terminal restriction fragment analysis and flow-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) telomere length assessment to determine telomere lengths in the related radiosensitive and non-radiosensitive cell lines. Each cell line was further tested for retention of its original radiation response phenotype using cell growth assays after treatment with ionizing radiation. Results: One stock of L5178Y-R cells had long telomeres, whereas the other stock had short telomeres. Likewise, one stock of L5178Y-S cells had long telomeres, whereas the other stock had short telomeres. Telomere lengths in these cell lines were relatively stable for over 80 divisions in culture. Each cell line was confirmed to have retained its original radiosensitivity phenotype. Conclusion: We conclude that radiosensitivity is independent of telomere length in these genetically similar cell lines.


Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | 2007

Prediction of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status using post-irradiation assays of lymphoblastoid cell lines is compromised by inter-cell-line phenotypic variability

Paul K. Lovelock; Ee Ming Wong; Carl N. Sprung; Anna Marsh; Karen Hobson; Juliet D. French; Melissa C. Southey; kConFab Investigators; Tom B. Sculley; Nirmala Pandeya; Melissa A. Brown; Georgia Chenevix-Trench; Amanda B. Spurdle; Michael J. McKay

Background and purposeAssays to determine the pathogenicity of unclassified sequence variants in disease-associated genes include the analysis of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). We assessed the ability of several assays of LCLs to distinguish carriers of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations from mutation-negative controls to determine their utility for use in a diagnostic setting.Materials and methodsPost-ionising radiation cell viability and micronucleus formation, and telomere length were assayed in LCLs carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, and in unaffected mutation-negative controls.ResultsPost-irradiation cell viability and micronucleus induction assays of LCLs from individuals carrying pathogenic BRCA1 mutations, unclassified BRCA1 sequence variants or wildtype BRCA1 sequence showed significant phenotypic heterogeneity within each group. Responses were not consistent with predicted functional consequences of known pathogenic or normal sequences. Telomere length was also highly heterogeneous within groups of LCLs carrying pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, and normal BRCA1 sequences, and was not predictive of mutation status.ConclusionGiven the significant degree of phenotypic heterogeneity of LCLs after γ-irradiation, and the lack of association with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation status, we conclude that the assays evaluated in this study should not be used as a means of differentiating pathogenic and non-pathogenic sequence variants for clinical application. We suggest that a range of normal controls must be included in any functional assays of LCLs to ensure that any observed differences between samples reflect the genotype under investigation rather than generic inter-individual variation.


Radiotherapy and Oncology | 2006

Individual differences in chromosomal aberrations after in vitro irradiation of cells from healthy individuals, cancer and cancer susceptibility syndrome patients.

Luitpold Distel; Susann Neubauer; Ulrike Keller; Carl N. Sprung; Rolf Sauer; Gerhard G. Grabenbauer


Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics | 2005

Cytogenetic instability in young patients with multiple primary cancers

Ulrike Keller; Gerhard G. Grabenbauer; Alma Kuechler; Carl N. Sprung; Elisabeth Müller; Rolf Sauer; Luitpold Distel


Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics | 2006

Breakpoint locations within chromosomes 1, 2, and 4 of patients with increased radiosensitivity

Silke Schilling; Ulrike Keller; Carl N. Sprung; Anja Weise; Gerhard G. Grabenbauer; Rolf Sauer; Luitpold Distel


Archive | 2010

Method of detecting radiation exposure and adverse toxicity thereto

Carl N. Sprung; Michael J. McKay

Collaboration


Dive into the Carl N. Sprung's collaboration.

Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Gerhard G. Grabenbauer

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Luitpold Distel

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Rolf Sauer

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Amanda B. Spurdle

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Anna Marsh

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Deborah S.P. Davey

Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Ee Ming Wong

University of Melbourne

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Georgia Chenevix-Trench

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Juliet D. French

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute

View shared research outputs
Researchain Logo
Decentralizing Knowledge