Carla Angélica da Silva Pinto de Sá

Determinants of the Regional Demand for Higher Education in The Netherlands: A Gravity Model Approach

Sá C., Florax R. J. G. M. and Rietveld P. (2004) Determinants of the regional demand for higher education in The Netherlands: a gravity model approach, Reg. Studies 38, 375–392. Studies on the determinants of the demand for higher education typically emphasize the relevance of socio-economic factors, but leave the spatial dimensions of the prospective students’ university choices largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the determinants of university entrance for Dutch high school graduates in 2000, and pay particular attention to the attractiveness of the university, both in terms of its accessibility and the educational quality of its programme. We combine cross-section data on the region of origin of the high school graduate and the university destination region for first-year students with regional and university characteristics in a production- constrained gravity model. The main finding of the study is that the behaviour of prospective students is governed by a distance deterrence effect and a downward rent effect, but a positive impact results from regional/urban amenities rather than from the educational quality of the university programmes.

Higher education (related) choices in Portugal: joint decisions on institution type and leaving home

The aim of this article is twofold: to further investigate the type of higher education institution choice using individual-level data on first-year students, and to establish the link between institution choice and the decision whether to leave home. The analysis was performed for Portuguese higher education by means of a bivariate probit model. Results indicated gender differences in the type of higher education institution choice. Socio-economic background appeared to constrain student choices and accessibility did play a role in their decisions. When it comes to the leaving home decision, the higher the income group and the higher the parents’ literacy, the more likely it was that students stayed at home. Students with strong preferences over leisure activities tended to leave home to attend higher education.

Does Accessibility to Higher Education Matter? Choice Behaviour of High School Graduates in the Netherlands

Abstract This paper identifies pivotal factors behind individual decision making in the transition from high school to post-secondary education in the Netherlands. We apply a multinomial logit framework to individual data and accommodate two types of effects that have not received much attention in the literature. First, we analyse the impact of geographical accessibility of the higher education system. Second, we allow the individual observations to be correlated within schools, in effect accounting for localized social interactions. Our results confirm the paramount influence of the students track record and talent. The results, however, also show that geographical proximity significantly increases the probability of high school leavers continuing their education at a university or professional college.

Admission conditions and graduates’ employability

In a context of increasing competition for students, admission conditions have been used as an instrument in a strategy of differentiation. Such a strategy is guided by short‐run concerns, that is, the immediate need to attract more students. This article takes a longer term view, by examining graduates’ employability. The authors find that tougher admission conditions (namely, a mandatory mathematics examination) appear to be linked with lower unemployment propensity. Previous studies, however, have found that those programmes face lower demand when compared to other studies. These results suggest that students’ choices may be based on insufficient information on returns to higher education investment. That information failure indicates that a government intervention may be due.

Living Arrangement and University Choice of Dutch Prospective Students

Sá C., Florax R. J. G. M. and Rietveld P. Living arrangement and university choice of Dutch prospective students, Regional Studies. The nature of university choice and living-arrangement decisions of Dutch prospective students is analysed. A random utility maximization nested logit model of living-arrangement and university-choice decisions is estimated. Estimation results show distance deters both prospective students living at the parental home and those living elsewhere. Dutch youngsters appear not to be guided by investment motives. They attend the same university as their high school peers. Tight housing markets lower the probability of choosing a given university. Male and low-income students stay longer with their parents in comparison with prospective students with non-Dutch parents. Sá C., Florax R. J. G. M. and Rietveld P. 丹麦准学生的生活安排及院校选择，区域研究。 本文对丹麦国内准学生生活安排与学院选择的特征进行了分析。我们针对生活安排以及院校选择的决策进行了一个随机的效用最大化嵌套LOGIT模型估测。估测结果表明，对于那些生活在父母家中以及其他地方的准学生而言，距离是一个重要的考量因素。投资动机似乎并未引导丹麦的年轻人。他们更青睐那些他们的高中前辈所选择的大学院校。住房市场紧张这一事实降低了学生选择特定院校的可能性。较之那些双亲为非丹麦人的准学生而言，成年及低收入学生与父母共同居住的时间相对较长。 生活安排 院校选择 随机效用最大化 嵌套Logit Sá C., Florax R. J. G. M. et Rietveld P. Le logement et le choix d’université des futurs étudiants néerlandais, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à analyser les déterminants du choix d’université et de logement des futurs étudiants en Hollande. On estime un modèle logit hiérarchique au hasard de la maximisation de l’utilité qui traite du logement et du choix d’université. Les résultats estimés laissent voir que la distance dissuade à la fois les futurs étudiants qui habitent chez leurs parents et ceux qui habitent ailleurs. Il semble que les jeunes néerlandais ne soient pas influés par les possibilités d’investissement. Ils assistent à la même université que ne le font leurs pairs des établissements secondaires. Des marchés du logement serrés réduit la probabilité de choisir une université donnée. Les étudiants masculins et à faible revenu restent plus longtemps chez leurs parents que ne le font les futurs étudiants dont les parents ne sont pas de nationalité néerlandaise. Logement Choix d’université Maximisation de l’utilité au hasard Logit hiérarchique Sá C., Florax R. J. G. M. und Rietveld P. Universitäts- und Wohnungswahl von potenziellen holländischen Studenten, Regional Studies. Wir analysieren die Art der Entscheidungen von potenziellen holländischen Studenten hinsichtlich ihrer Universitäts- und Wohnungswahl. Hierfür nehmen wir eine Schätzung für ein Nested-Logit-Modell der zufälligen Nutzenmaximierung hinsichtlich der Entscheidungen bei der Universitäts- und Wohnungswahl vor. Aus der Schätzung geht hervor, dass Entfernung für potenzielle Studenten, die bei ihren Eltern wohnen, ebenso abschreckend wirkt wie für Studenten, die woanders wohnen. Junge Holländer scheinen sich nicht von Investitionsmotiven leiten zu lassen. Sie besuchen dieselbe Universität wie ihre Klassenkameraden in der Sekundarstufe. Aufgrund der Wohnungsnot verringert sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Auswahl einer bestimmten Universität. Männliche und einkommensschwache Studenten leben im Vergleich zu potenziellen Studenten mit nicht holländischen Eltern länger bei ihren Eltern. Wohnungswahl Wahl der Universität Zufällige Nutzenmaximierung Nested-Logit-Modell Sá C., Florax R. J. G. M. y Rietveld P. Opciones de vivienda y universidad para los futuros estudiantes holandeses, Regional Studies. En este artículo analizamos qué tipos de decisiones toman los futuros estudiantes holandeses con respecto a las opciones de universidad y vivienda. Para ello calculamos en un modelo logit anidado la maximización aleatoria de utilidad en lo que respecta a elegir una universidad y vivienda. Los resultados de las estimaciones muestran que la distancia disuade a los futuros estudiantes, tanto los que viven en el hogar familiar como los que viven en otros lugares. No parece que los holandeses jóvenes se guíen por motivos de inversión. Asisten a la misma universidad que sus compañeros de instituto. La escasez de vivienda reduce la probabilidad de elegir una determinada universidad. Los estudiantes masculinos con bajos ingresos viven más tiempo con sus padres en comparación con los futuros estudiantes de padres no holandeses. Opciones de vivienda Elección de universidad Maximización aleatoria de utilidad Logit anidado

Survival analysis and competing risk models of hospital length of stay and discharge destination: the effect of distributional assumptions

The literature on length of stay and hospital discharge is often used to inform policy regarding hospital payment and quality. This literature has evolved from the use of ordinary least squares estimation of linear and log-linear models to the use of survival and competing risk models that control for unobserved patient and hospital heterogeneity. However, the authors tend to adopt different distributional assumptions and often motivate the choice of specific functional forms for the baseline hazard based on the visual inspection of the hazard rate plots. We contribute to this literature by showing that parameter estimates for patient and hospital characteristics in length of stay models are particularly sensitive to underlying assumptions regarding the hazard function. Moreover, we demonstrate that the inability to distinguish between competing risks of discharge destination may lead to distortions in the effect of important explanatory variables such as intensive care utilization.

How student choice consistency affects the success of applications in Portuguese higher education

ABSTRACT In the context of a political imperative to reorganise the Portuguese higher education system, a deep knowledge of student choice decision-making processes when applying to higher education is needed. Following a ‘combined model’ of student choice, which emphasises economic and social factors, this paper aims to answer two main related questions: (i) what are the determinants of student choice consistency? (ii) Does choice consistency affect the admission of students to their top preference? Both are analysed within a multinomial logit framework. The results indicate that males, older students and better performing students are more likely to be consistent in their choices in the various forms it may assume. Students with inconsistent choice sets are more likely to be accepted; nevertheless, they are more likely to get a place in a second-best alternative.