Carles Martí-Henneberg

Predictors of depression at eighteen: A 7-year follow-up study in a Spanish nonclinical population

Abstract. This study prospectively examined predicting factors and depressive antecedents of depression in early adulthood and determined differences by sex. 199 adolescents aged 11–12 from the general community were followed up annually for 4 years and reassessed at 18 years of age. Sociodemographic data, depressive symptomatology, anxiety level, personality dimensions, self-esteem, academic aptitude and pubertal development were reported throughout this period and tested as possible risk variables of depression. At 18, depression was diagnosed using ICD-10 criteria. Of the cases of major depression (MDD) at eighteen, 30 % had been diagnosed as MDD between 12 and 14 years of age. Of the cases of MDD at eighteen, 80 % had had depressive symptomatology between the ages of 11 and 14. Subclinical scores in the Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI) were early indicators of long-term risk. Gender differences were found in the risk pattern; depressive symptoms were more significant in girls than in boys. In boys, early anxious symptomatology was a significant predictor. This study reports cross-cultural data that support a continuity of depression from adolescence to young adulthood.

Onset of puberty at eight years of age in girls determines a specific tempo of puberty but does not affect adult height

Aims: To analyse the effect of early puberty (onset between 7.5 and 8.5 y) on pubertal growth and adult height in girls, and the implications of this effect for the age limit for normal onset of puberty. Methods: Longitudinal study in Reus (Spain) of 32 girls with early puberty until they reached adult height. Data from these girls were compared with longitudinal data from girls (116) from the same population with normal onset at 10 (n= 37), 11 (n= 47), 12 (n= 19) and 13 (n= 13) y. We analysed height, target height, adult height, pubertal height increase, duration of pubertal growth, age at menarche and time to menarche. Results: The adult height of girls with early puberty (160.9 ± 5.4 cm) was similar to that of girls with onset at later ages (p= not significant). In these girls, puberty lasted 5.4 ± 0.7 y and the mean growth during puberty was 31.1 ± 3.5 cm. As the age of onset of puberty increases, the duration of puberty and mean growth during puberty progressively decreased (p < 0.001). Girls with early puberty reached menarche at a mean age of 10.9 ± 1.0 y, 3.2 ± 0.9 y after onset of puberty, and this time span was greater than in the other groups.

Consumo, hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de la población de Reus (X): evolución de la ingestión alimentaria y de la contribución de los macronutrientes al aporte energético (1983-1999), según edad y sexo

Fundamento Conocer la evolucion de la ingestion alimentaria y nutricional entre 1983 y 1999, segun edad y sexo. Sujetos y metodos Se han realizado analisis repetidos de la ingestion alimentaria mediante el metodo de recuerdo de 24 h, en una poblacion representativa de la ciudad de Reus (10-69 anos, ambas edades incluidas). En 1999 la muestra estudiada fue de 839 individuos, de los que un 41% participa desde 1983. Los valores se presentan como media (desviacion estandar). Resultados La ingestion energetica en 1999 fue de 2.524 (582) kcal en los varones de 35-44 anos (n = 57) y de 1.827 (490) kcal en las mujeres (n = 95) de la misma edad (p Conclusiones La poblacion de Reus mantiene un aporte energetico sin cambios significativos, y presenta una tendencia a la uniformizacion del porcentaje de energia aportado por los macro-nutrientes entre edades y sexos, aunque se produzcan cambios significativos de la dieta.

Yoghurt in the Spanish diet: nutritional implications and socio-cultural aspects of its consumption.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to analyse the differences, with regard to socio-cultural characteristics and dietary habits, between low and high consumers of yoghurt and other fermented dairy product desserts, and the nutritional significance of these differences. METHODS We analysed the diet of a healthy population (4-65 years), using the 24-hour recall method, on three non-consecutive days. The participants were grouped by age and sex and were also divided into tertiles on the basis of yoghurt consumption. We compared energy and nutrient intakes, educational level and socio-economic status in the low consumption (LC) group and the high consumption (HC) group. RESULTS In general there were no significant differences in energy intake or nutritional profile between LC and HC groups. The only significant difference was in the percentage of energy provided by lipids, which was significantly lower in HC women, possibly due to the high number of women in this group who consumed low-fat yoghurt. There were significant differences in the distribution of HC and LC subjects according to the three educational levels but not according to socio-economic status. CONCLUSION The fact of being a high consumer of fermented dairy products took place in the framework of other dietary changes that compensated for this high consumption, resulting in the absence of significant differences in energy intake and nutritional profile between HC and LC subjects. The only exception was found in women who consumed low-fat dairy products. There was a relationship between high consumption of fermented dairy products and educational level.

Food group and macronutrient intake behavior in a Spanish Mediterranean population

Abstract A cross-sectional study of food consumption was performed to describe specific dietary behavior and nutritional intake according to the spontaneously high and low consumption of certain food groups in a Mediterranean population. Methods: The dietary intake of 719 randomly selected adults between 18 and 65 years of age was studied by the 24-hour recall method for 3 non-consecutive days including one holiday. A significantly lower fat-, and saturated fatty acid–derived energy intake was found in consumers of less meat (3.4 and 1.5%, respectively) or more cereals (7.9% and 1.9%, respectively) or fruit (3.0% and 2.1%, respectively) than the opposite groups. However the absolute values remain above the nutritional goals. In this study population, low meat consumers or high cereal or fruit consumers have nutritional profiles that most resemble that recommended by experts without adversely affecting the rest of their food profile.

Consumo, hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de la población de Reus (X): evolución de la ingestión alimentaria y de la contribución de los macronutrientes al aporte energético (1983–1999), según edad y sexoFood intake, dietary habits and nutritional status of the population of Reus (Catalonia, Spain) (X): evolution of the diet and macronutrients contribution to energy intake (1983–1999), by age and sex

Fundamento Conocer la evolucion de la ingestion alimentaria y nutricional entre 1983 y 1999, segun edad y sexo. Sujetos y metodos Se han realizado analisis repetidos de la ingestion alimentaria mediante el metodo de recuerdo de 24 h, en una poblacion representativa de la ciudad de Reus (10-69 anos, ambas edades incluidas). En 1999 la muestra estudiada fue de 839 individuos, de los que un 41% participa desde 1983. Los valores se presentan como media (desviacion estandar). Resultados La ingestion energetica en 1999 fue de 2.524 (582) kcal en los varones de 35-44 anos (n = 57) y de 1.827 (490) kcal en las mujeres (n = 95) de la misma edad (p Conclusiones La poblacion de Reus mantiene un aporte energetico sin cambios significativos, y presenta una tendencia a la uniformizacion del porcentaje de energia aportado por los macro-nutrientes entre edades y sexos, aunque se produzcan cambios significativos de la dieta.