Carlito Lopes Nascimento Sobrinho

Perfil antropométrico e consumo alimentar de adolescentes de Teixeira de Freitas - Bahia

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe the anthropometric profile and food intake in adolescents from public schools in a municipality of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional experimental design was employed with a random conglomerate sample of 354 adolescents, 17 to 19 years old, from a total of 1.678 students enrolled in 23 eligible schools of the municipality. Qualitative data on the frequency of food consumption and anthropometric indicators were collected. Body weight/ height index, triceps skeletal muscle and sub-scapular skinfold measurements, were carried out according to World Health Organization. Bivariate and stratified analyses were then carried out, and statistical significance at the 5% level verified using chi-square (c2) and the exact Fischer test. RESULTS: An analysis of the anthropometric indicators showed prevalence for overweight and obesity in 5.1% of the females and prevalence for underweight in 6.4% of the males. Growth deficiency was noted in 25.0% of the adolescents; the deficiency being classified as moderate in 15.0% and severe in 10.0% of the adolescents. The usual food intake consisted of cooked rice, beans, manioc flour, wheat bread, butter, coffee and sugar. A low consumption of dairy products, fruits, vegetables and greens was observed. 96.6% of the adolescents had three meals per day, which were consumed at home by 80.0% of those interviewed. CONCLUSION: The results point to a need to implement preventive strategies for nutritional problems, recommending appropriate food intake and healthier life styles. Furthermore, possible factors inhibiting growth in the adolescents should be studied.

Trabalho e síndrome da estafa profissional (Síndrome de Burnout) em médicos intensivistas de Salvador

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalencia da Sindrome de Burnout em medicos intensivistas de Salvador, associando-a a dados demograficos e aspectos da situacao de trabalho (demanda) psicologica e controle sobre o trabalho. METODOS: Um estudo de corte transversal investigou a associacao entre aspectos psicossocias do trabalho e a sindrome da estafa profissional em uma populacao de 297 medicos intensivistas de Salvador, Bahia. Um questionario individual autoaplicavel avaliou aspectos psicossociais do trabalho, utilizando o modelo demanda-controle (Job Content Questionnaire) e a saude mental dos medicos, usando Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). RESULTADOS: Constatou-se elevada sobrecarga de trabalho e de trabalho em regime de plantao. A prevalencia da Sindrome da Estafa Profissional (Burnout) foi de 7,4% e estava mais fortemente associada com aspectos da demanda psicologica do trabalho do que com o controle deste por parte dos medicos intensivistas. CONCLUSAO: Medicos com trabalho de alta exigencia (alta demanda e baixo controle) apresentaram 10,2 vezes mais burnout que aqueles com trabalho de baixa exigencia (baixa demanda e alto controle).

Childbirth and live newborns of adolescent and young adult mothers in the municipality of Feira de Santana, Bahia State, Brazil, 1998

Data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the literature indicate that adolescents may be overrepresented in the prevalence of maternal morbidity and mortality and neonatal complications. This study focused on childbirth and live newborns among adolescent and young adult mothers in the municipality of Feira de Santana, Bahia, identifying risk factors for morbidity and mortality. A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted based on data from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) in the municipality in 1998, totaling 5,279 live births among adolescent (10 to 19 years) and young adult mothers (20 to 24 years). Variables were age, schooling, prenatal care, gestational care, form of delivery, and birthweight. The authors measured the association between maternal age and the childs birthweight, while controlling potential confounders. Some 21.6% of live births were to adolescent mothers, 51.2% of whom had not finished primary school; there was an association between the 10 to 16-year age bracket and incomplete primary schooling, lack of prenatal care, and low and insufficient birthweight as compared to the other age brackets; there was also a high rate of underrecording in the SINASC. The results suggest the need for specific measures focusing on the reproductive health of adolescents in the municipality.

Médicos plantonistas de unidade de terapia intensiva: perfil sócio-demográfico, condições de trabalho e fatores associados à síndrome de burnout

OBJECTIVES: Burnout syndrome is a response to prolonged occupational stress that involves three main dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The aim of this study was to describe socio-demographic characteristics of intensive care unit physicians and evaluate factors associated to the presence of Burnout syndrome in this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate physicians who have worked in intensive care units from the city of Salvador (Bahia - Brazil) with a minimum weekly workload of 12-hour. An anonymous self-reported questionnaire was used and it was divided into two parts: socio-demographic characteristics and evaluation of Burnout syndrome through Maslach Burnout Inventory. RESULTS: We studied 297 physicians and most of them were male (70%). The mean age and time of graduation were, respectively, 34.2 and 9 years. High levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment were found in respectively, 47.5%, 24.6% and 28.3%. The prevalence of Burnout syndrome, considered as high level in at least one dimension, was of 63.3%. This prevalence was statistically lower in physicians specialized on intensive care, those with more than nine years of graduation and those who intend to continue working in intensive care units for more than 10 years. The prevalence was higher in the doctors with more than 24-hours of uninterrupted intensive care work per week. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout syndrome was common among intensive care physicians and it was more frequent in the youngest doctors, with higher workload and without specialization on intensive care.

Condições de trabalho e saúde dos médicos em Salvador, Brasil

OBJETIVOS: Descrever as condicoes de trabalho e de saude dos medicos da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. METODOS: Utilizando delineamento transversal, estudou-se uma amostra aleatoria de 350 medicos. Num questionario individual, autoaplicavel, enviado pelo correio, foram coletadas informacoes sobre a saude fisica, mental, habitos de vida e condicoes de trabalho dos medicos. RESULTADOS: Os medicos referiram elevada sobrecarga de trabalho, excesso de trabalho em regime de plantao, multiplas insercoes, contratacao precaria sob a forma de remuneracao por procedimento e baixa remuneracao. A atividade de consultorio particular foi referida por 45,2% dos medicos, mas apenas 1,5% exercia exclusivamente esta atividade. As queixas de saude mais frequentes estavam relacionadas a postura corporal e a saude mental. A prevalencia de disturbios psiquicos menores, medida pelo Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), foi de 26%. CONCLUSAO: As condicoes de trabalho e saude observadas apontam para a necessidade de mudancas profundas na organizacao do trabalho medico.BACKGROUND The conditions of work and health of physicians in the city of Salvador, State of Bahia, Brasil were described. METHODS A cross sectional study investigated a random sample of 350 physicians. Information about the physical and mental health, living habits and working conditions of these physicians was collected by self-reported, individual questionnaires forwarded by mail. RESULTS The physicians reported excessive work loads, more than one job, low income, and precarious contracting with payment for each procedure performed. A private practice was also reported by 45.2% of the physicians however only 1.5% exercised it exclusively. The most frequent health complaints were related to body posture and mental health. CONCLUSION The prevalence of minor psychological disorders was of 26.0%. The observed conditions of work and health point to a need for major changes in the organization of medical work.

Adolescents' knowledge about adolescence, puberty and sexuality

OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to evaluate the level of knowledge about adolescence, pubertal development and sexuality among adolescents from 10 to 14 years old at municipal public schools in Feira de Santana-Bahia, 2000. METHODS Cross-sectional study, with a randomized and proportional sample out of a population of 6,419 students in the municipal Public System. The level of knowledge was analyzed according to age, sex and educational level. Data was collected by means of a specific confidential questionnaire, which was pre-tested. A scale of values (score--satisfactory, reasonable and unsatisfactory) was established according to the percentage and proportional number of right answers regarding general and specific topics. Statistical inference was calculated by chi-square with a significance of 5% as well as the bivariate and multivariate analysis, calculating the simple and adjusted prevalence, through stratified analysis. RESULTS Adolescents showed unsatisfactory level of information about terms, particularly those at the age of 10 (69.2%) and 11 years (70.6%), female (61.7%) and the ones in the 4th (82.8%) and 5th (61.1%) grades. The level of knowledge according to sex, adjusted by age and educational level, showed that females are 1.3 and 1.27 times more likely to present an unsatisfactory level of knowledge than males. The level of knowledge according to educational level, adjusted by age, showed that those subjects between 4th and 5th grades are 2.32 times more likely to present an unsatisfactory level of knowledge if compared to students of 6th and 8th grades, with significant differences (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of unsatisfactory level of knowledge with significant association between 4th and 5th grades and females points to the necessity of educative actions regarding health and sexuality in the beginning of adolescence at municipal public schools.

Indicadores Materno-infantis na adolescência e juventude: sociodemográfico, pré-natal, parto e nascidos-vivos

OBJECTIVE: to identify characteristics and associations between maternal age and gestation, delivery, and livebirths of adolescent and young adult mothers in the city of Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: we carried out a cross-sectional, epidemiological study with a population of livebirths and adolescent mothers (aged 10-16 and 17-19 years) and young adult mothers (aged 20-24 years). The information were obtained from the Livebirths Information System (SINASC-1998) for a total of 5,279 livebirths. Study variables were classified into socio-demographic factors (age, schooling of the mother, sex of the newborn) and related to term, delivery, gestational age, birth weight, and Apgar score. Data were processed using prevalence ratio and multivariate analysis. Logistic regression was used to control confounding factors (prenatal and gestational age) and to establish an association between maternal age and birth weight. RESULTS: in 1998, 21.6% of all livebirths in the city of Feira de Santana were from adolescent mothers; out of these mothers, 51.2% had not finished junior high or elementary school. Prevalence ratio and adjusted odds ratio for the 10-16 years of age group indicated increased prevalence of illiteracy, no prenatal examination, and low birth weight and a low prevalence of adequate weight of the newborn in comparison to other age groups studied. Logistic regression showed a positive association between maternal age and low birth weight. We also observed that the SINASC database lacked information in many different fields. CONCLUSIONS: our results indicated, for adolescent mothers, a high prevalence of livebirths and low schooling. Also, especially for the 10-16 years of age group, we observed increased risks for illiteracy, no prenatal examinations, low birth weight, and inadequate weight of the newborn in comparison to other age groups.

Médicos de UTI: prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout, características sociodemográficas e condições de trabalho

ABSTRACT Burnoutsyndromeisaresponsetoprolongedoccupationalstressthatinvolvesthreemaindi-mensions:emotionalexhaustion,depersonalization,andreducedpersonalaccomplishment.Theaim of this study was to describe the prevalence of burnout syndrome, socio-demographic cha-racteristics,andworkingconditionsamongintensivecarephysicians.Across-sectionalstudywasperformed to evaluate physicians working in ICUs in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Westudied297physicians,themajorityofwhomweremale(70%).Meanageandtimesincegradua -tion were 34.2 and 9 years, respectively. High levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization,and reduced personal accomplishment were found in 47.5%, 24.6%, and 28.3%, respectively. Pre-valenceofburnoutsyndrome,definedasahighscoreinatleastonedimension,was63.3%,whileprevalence was 7.4% for all three dimensions. In conclusion, burnout syndrome was common inthis sample of ICU physicians.106 REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EDUCACAO MEDICA34 (1) : 106 – 115 ; 2010 I Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brasil.

Agravos à saúde referidos pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem em um hospital público da Bahia

Although the work is essential to human life, the context in which it is done can induct tension, imbalance and consequent illness. Studies indicate nursing as an occupation with high risk for disease, particularly in the hospital environment. The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of health problems reported by nursing staff in a hospital in Bahia, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study, involving 309 nursing professionals. The most frequent health complaints were related to musculoskeletal symptoms such as leg pain 66.4% (192) and back pain 61.8% (178); and to mental health with a predominance of mental fatigue 47% (131) 33 and nervousness 7% (93). The results show that nurses had a higher frequency of postural problems and mental health complaints while respiratory diseases complaints were more prevalent among technicians and assistants. These results highlight the need for greater awareness of the work process and implementation of preventive activities.Aunque el trabajo es esencial para la vida humana, el contexto en el que se realiza puede desencadenar tension, desequilibrio y enfermedad consecuente. Los estudios muestran la enfermeria como una profesion de alto riesgo para la enfermedad, sobre todo en el medio hospitalario. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la incidencia de problemas de salud reportados por el personal de enfermeria en un hospital de Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de un estudio transversal con 309 profesionales. Los problemas de salud mas frecuentes relacionadas con los sintomas musculo esqueleticos, como el dolor de pierna 66.4% (192) y el dolor de espalda 61,8% (178) y la salud mental, con un predominio de la fatiga mental 47% (131) 33 y el nerviosismo 7% (93). Los resultados muestran que las enfermeras tenian una mayor frecuencia de problemas de postura y quejas de salud mental mientras que las quejas de las enfermedades respiratorias son mas frecuentes entre los tecnicos y auxiliares. Estos resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de una mayor conciencia sobre el proceso de trabajo y la ejecucion de las actividades preventivas.Although the work is essential to human life, the context in which it is done can induct tension, imbalance and consequent illness. Studies indicate nursing as an occupation with high risk for disease, particularly in the hospital environment. The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of health problems reported by nursing staff in a hospital in Bahia, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study, involving 309 nursing professionals. The most frequent health complaints were related to musculoskeletal symptoms such as leg pain 66.4% (192) and back pain 61.8% (178); and to mental health with a predominance of mental fatigue 47% (131) 33 and nervousness 7% (93). The results show that nurses had a higher frequency of postural problems and mental health complaints while respiratory diseases complaints were more prevalent among technicians and assistants. These results highlight the need for greater awareness of the work process and implementation of preventive activities.

Trabalho e saúde mental dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família em um município do Estado da Bahia, Brasil

As caracteristicas do trabalho na Estrategia Saude da Familia (ESF) sao complexas e ainda ha poucos estudos que abordam a tematica. OBJETIVO: descrever caracteristicas sociodemograficas e do trabalho e a prevalencia de Disturbios Psiquicos Menores (DPM) e de positivos ao teste CAGE (abuso no consumo de alcool) entre medicos, enfermeiros e cirurgioes-dentistas da ESF de Feira de Santana, Bahia. METODOLOGIA: estudo epidemiologico de corte transversal que utilizou questionario padronizado, nao identificado, para descrever: o perfil sociodemografico; as caracteristicas do trabalho na ESF; a saude mental e o uso abusivo de bebidas alcoolicas utilizando o Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e o Teste CAGE,. Os dados foram analisados no Statistical Package for Social Scince (SPSS). RESULTADOS: Entre os 152 respondentes, que correspondem a uma taxa de resposta de 86,4%, a prevalencia de DPM foi de 16,0%. Entre os medicos, foi de 17,4%; entre os enfermeiros, de 15,5%; e 15,2% entre os cirurgioes-dentistas. Quanto ao uso abusivo de bebida alcoolica, os medicos apresentaram prevalencia de 5,0% e os cirurgioes-dentistas de 7,7%. Os resultados apontaram o predominio do sexo feminino, de adultos jovens, casados, com vinculo cooperativado, carga horaria semanal elevada e mais de um vinculo empregaticio. CONCLUSAO: A prevalencia de DPM e de positivos ao teste CAGE observada na populacao estudada foi menor do que a encontrada em outros estudos.