Carlos André Alves de Souza

Impacts of climate change on water demand and duration forage sorghum and cowpea cycle in the state of Pernambuco

The increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events in recent decades is a strong evidence of climate change. In semiarid regions, where the pressure of desertification has intensified, are expected to decrease in the availability of water and higher occurrence of drought periods, and, consequently, effects on physiological response of plants. Thus, the objective of analyzing the impacts of climate change scenarios on the duration of phenological cycle and water demand of forage sorghum and cowpea, grown in the State of Pernambuco. Monthly values were used normal climatological solar brightness, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed of ten municipalities. It was considered an increase of 1.8° C (B2 Scenario) and 4.0° C (A1F1 Scenario) on air temperature and a decrease of 5.0% of the absolute values of relative humidity, in addition to the 22% increase in stomatal resistance and 4% in leaf area index. Based on this information were generated three scenarios: current situation and future projections for B2, A1F1. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física vol. 08, número especial (IV SMUD), (2015) 542-559.

Evaluation of the method of FAO data 56 Monteith Penman with missing data and of alternative methods in the estimation of reference evapotranspiration in the Submedium Valley of San Francisco

Objective to evaluate the performance of the Penman Monteith method parameterized on the 56 FAO Bulletin (PMFAO56) with the absence of data and of alternative methods for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration in the Submedium Valley of San Francisco. Weather variables for the period March 2003 to April 2008 were used of five automatic stations belonging to the network of Embrapa semi-arid. In the evaluation of this method were considered to be different combinations as the lack of measurement of meteorological variables (radiation balance, global solar radiation, temperature and relative humidity, and wind speed), and alternative methods of Hargreaves and Samani, Jensen and Haise and Makkink. The performance was analyzed by means of indices and statistical errors. The results revealed that the PM-FAO56 has good estimates of ETo values when the absence of data is limited to the variables of relative humidity, for the estimation of the water vapor partial pressure, and, or, the wind speed, as soon as the square root of the square of the average error was less than 0.65 mm day, when there is no data of these two variables at the same time. The estimation of the radiation balance values despite the good precision and accuracy in most weather stations (r > 0.93 and angular coefficient < 1.19) raises the miscalculation of ETo in the region. Alternative methods of Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física vol. 8, n.6 (2015) 1644-1660.

Crescimento Inicial de Espécies Ocorrentes no Semiárido Brasileiro: Biomassa, Biometria e Análise Morfogênica (Initial growth of species occurring in the Brazilian semi-arid region: biomass, biometrics and Morfogenical Analysis)

Objetivou-se analisar o crescimento inicial de seis especies de ocorrencia na caatinga Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.; Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan; Poincianella pyramidalis Tul.; Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke; Erythrina velutina Willd.; e, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. Assim, foi conduzido um experimento em viveiro, no municipio de Serra Talhada-PE. As sementes foram submetidas a tratamentos pre-germinativos. Cada especie constituiu um tratamento, dispostas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A reposicao de agua foi feita com base na evapotranspiracao prevista para o periodo experimental. Aos 23, 37, 51, 65, 92 e 120 dias apos a semeadura foram feitas amostragens para se determinar a biomassa seca das plantas, bem como de suas partes, folhas, caule e raizes e parâmetros biometricos. Com os valores de biomassa seca e indice de area foliar foram determinados os seguintes indices morfofisiologicos: taxa de crescimento absoluto, taxa de crescimento relativo, area foliar especifica, razao de area foliar, razao de massa foliar. Tamboril e Algaroba foram aquelas que apresentaram melhores respostas biometricas e de acumulo de biomassa, em decorrencia dos seus desempenhos morfofisiologicos. Por sua vez, Angico Vermelho apresentou o menor crescimento inicial quando comparado com as demais especies. A B S T R A C T The aimed to analyze the initial growth of six species of occurrence in the ‘caatinga’ vegetation, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.; Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan; Poincianella pyramidalis Tul.; Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke; Erythrina velutina Willd.; e, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong.. Thus, an experiment was carried out in the nursery, in the municipality of Serra Talhada, PE. The seeds were subjected to germination treatment. Each species was a treatment, arranged in completely randomized design. The water replenishment was made on the basis of evapotranspiration for the experimental period. At the age of 23, 37, 51, 65, 92 and 120 days after sowing were done samples to determine the dry biomass of plants and their parts, leaves, stems and roots and biometric parameters. With the values of dry biomass and leaf area index were determined the following morphophysiologics indexes, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaf mass ratio. ‘Tamboril’ and ‘Algaroba’ were those which presented the best biometric responses and biomass accumulation, as a result of their performance morphophysiological. In turn, ‘Angico Vermelho’ presented the lowest initial growth when compared with the other species. Keywords: growth analysis, morphophysiologics indexes, caatinga plants, increment rate.