Carlos Cândido

Is TQM more difficult to implement than other transformational strategies

This paper aims to assess whether Total Quality Management (TQM) is harder to implement than other business strategies. In order to accomplish this objective we have adopted a two-stage methodology. Firstly, we carried out an extensive review of the literature to identify the rates of TQM implementation failure estimated by researchers and practitioners. Secondly, we compared these rates with those estimated for other organisation-wide transformational efforts and explored the extent to which the obstacles to TQM implementation and to the implementation of other business strategies differ. Based on the literature reviewed and on the comparative analyses performed, we conclude that while it is widely acknowledged that the implementation of TQM can be a difficult task, significant uncertainty remains as to what the exact rate of failure is. Furthermore, the analyses suggest that the rates of failure and obstacles to TQM implementation are similar to those presented by other business strategies, and therefore, there seems to be no grounds to assume that TQM is more difficult to implement than other business strategies. These findings have implications for researchers and practitioners and open up several avenues for further research, which are also discussed in this paper.

THE IMPLICATIONS OF SERVICE QUALITY GAPS FOR STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION

This article addresses the problem of service quality strategy implementation and proposes three interrelated models: a static model of the organization; a comprehensive dynamic model of the implementation process, both synthesized from the literature; and a mixed model, which integrates static and dynamic models. The mixed model is combined with the service quality gaps (SQGs) model, drawn at a previous paper, to propose: a map of the pattern of SQGs occurring at each implementation stage; the organizational variables that can be manipulated to eliminate SQGs; and several implications to practising managers.

Service quality strategy implementation: a model and the case of the Algarve hotel industry

This is the third of a series of papers addressing the problem of service quality strategy implementation. The first paper focuses on service quality as a function of quality gaps and proposes a comprehensive model that amplifies the areas in which one can look for service quality gaps (Cândido & Morris, 2000). The second paper focuses on strategy implementation and proposes three interrelated models: a static model of the organization; a dynamic model of the strategy process; and a mixed model, which integrates static and dynamic models (Cândido & Morris, 2001). Taken together, the four models can help to implement a service quality strategy that simultaneously avoids quality gaps and resistance to change. Now, this paper undertakes a tentative validation of the models. Sample data have been collected through two complementary questionnaires, both implemented in the population of four-and five-star hotels of the Algarve (FFSHA). Data analysis involves descriptive statistics and statistical tests. In general, the descriptive statistics and the statistical tests do not provide evidence against the models, thus supporting their validity. Descriptive statistics have also raised concerns about some possible inconsistent management practices during the implementation of a quality strategy. The paper concludes with insights to managers interested in implementing such a strategy.

The Financial Impact of a Withdrawn ISO 9001 Certificate

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess to what extent the loss of the ISO 9001 certification affects the decertified firms’ financial performance. Design/methodology/approach – Using standard event-study methods, this paper matches a sample of 143 Portuguese companies that lost their ISO 9001 certification with similar non-event counterpart firms (according to return-on-assets and size) and compares the performance of these two groups of firms using financial data collected from the AMADEUS database. Findings – Results show no statistical significant differences in the financial performance (as measured by return-on-assets, return-on-sales, and sales growth) between companies that lost their ISO 9001 certification and their matched firms. Although the literature suggests that certification improves firms’ performance and that the benefits of certification may last over long periods of time, this paper’s results suggest that, after decertification, companies do not exhibit over or underperformance in their operations vis-a-vis comparable firms that do not undergo the same event. Originality/value – As far as the authors are aware, this is the first study assessing the impact of ISO 9001 certificate withdrawal on the decertified firms’ financial performance.

A importância da avaliação da qualidade percebida em radiologia e o impacto dos fatores sociodemográficos num hospital público português

Contexto: A avaliação da qualidade percebida é uma peça fundamental para a gestão da qualidade em saúde. Este estudo recorre ao SERVQUAL para avaliar a qualidade percebida pelos utentes da radiologia de um hospital público português e o impacto que os fatores sociodemográficos exercem sobre a mesma. A radiologia do hospital não possuía uma avaliação recente da qualidade, nem conhecia o impacto dos fatores sociodemográficos. Também não existem estudos com aplicação do SERVQUAL em radiologia e os resultados de estudos existentes sobre o impacto dos fatores sociodemográficos na qualidade percebida são controversos. Objetivos: Avaliar (1) a qualidade percebida pelos utentes, (2) a relação entre a qualidade percebida e os fatores sociodemográficos dos utentes, (3) a relação entre a qualidade percebida e estado de saúde subjetivo dos utentes e (4) a relação entre a qualidade percebida e a qualidade da informação recebida pelos utentes. Materiais e métodos: Estudo quantitativo e transversal tendo como instrumento de recolha de dados uma versão modificada do SERVQUAL. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os índices da qualidade percebida dos utentes da radiologia são apenas correlacionados com o grau de escolaridade e com a qualidade da informação recebida. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que os utentes esperam mais da radiologia, uma vez que as suas perceções da qualidade do serviço não atingem o nível das expetativas. Os resultados sugerem também uma influência positiva significativa da qualidade da informação recebida sobre a qualidade percebida do serviço e uma influencia negativa significativa da escolaridade sobre a qualidade percebida. Os resultados sugerem ainda que monitorizar a qualidade do serviço percebido pelos utentes permitiria não só planear estratégias precisas de intervenção de alta efetividade no departamento de radiologia, como também monitorizar a resposta a essas ações, trazendo deste modo benefícios para a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados prestados.

Firm preparation for ISO 9001 certification – the case of the hotel industry in Portugal

The purpose of this study is to assess whether companies conduct preparations, such as managing culture, before starting to implement an ISO 9001 Quality Management System (QMS). Based on a literature review, the paper develops a model of firm preparation for ISO 9001 certification and several research hypotheses. The survey research method adopted consists of data collection through questionnaires – sent to hotels of four and five stars, in Portugal, in two different moments (2012 and 2014) – and of a longitudinal data analysis based on non-parametric statistical tests. Results show that the majority of companies conduct preparations before starting to implement an ISO 9001 QMS. However, most companies do not assess their initial situation, nor do they plan for the preparations. One of the significant implications from this research is that a more coherent and integrated approach in ISO 9001 preparation is required. Other implications for practice and for research are also noted. This is the first study, as far as the authors are aware of, that addresses the topic of planning for the preparations that a company can make before starting to implement an ISO 9001 QMS.