Carlos Cláudio Perdomo

Eficiência da interação biodigestor e lagoas de estabilização na remoção de poluentes em dejetos de suínos

Swine production is considered an activity with a high environmental impact, due to the presence of a high number of contaminants in the effluents that come out from the piggery. In this study the feasibility of a combined process biodigestor and stabilization ponds (anaerobic, facultative and maturation) connected in sequence fed with sludge from a swine manure treatment unit was evaluated. The system showed itsetf as efficient in the removal of organic matter, however it presented some limitations in removing nutrients, especially nitrogen, mainly due to the contribution of volatilization of ammonia.

Tecnologias para o tratamento de dejetos de suínos

Com este trabalho apresentaram-se os problemas ambientais provenientes da suinocultura no Sul do Brasil, as formas adotadas de criacao dos animais e suas relacoes economicas, sociais e ambientais. No Estado de Santa Catarina concentra-se o maior rebanho nacional, da ordem de 4,5 milhoes de cabecas, gerando aproximadamente 150.000 empregos diretos, possuindo 25.000 propriedades produtoras de animais. Em termos ambientais, a suinocultura e um setor com baixa qualidade ambiental, pois apenas 15% das propriedades dispoem, de alguma forma, de manejo de dejetos. Com o objetivo de contribuir na busca da qualidade ambiental para este setor, apresentam-se orientacoes tecnologicas, definidas a partir de resultados de pesquisas, com metodologias para reduzir a poluicao ambiental em funcao das carateristicas da propriedade, das localidades e da tendencia mundial.

Productive and bioeconomical performance of broiler chicks grown under different heating systems

ABSTRACT - This experiment was carried out in two phases to study the effect of different heating systems on the productive and bioeconomical performances in broilers. Five hundred one-day broiler chicks, 50% male and 50% female, in each protected circle, were allotted to a randomized block design with seven treatments and four blocks. The heating systems were: fiber glass plate without plastic sheet cover, fiber glass plate with plastic sheet cover; built-in floor resistance without plastic sheet cover, built-in floor resistance with plastic sheet cover; mortar plate without plastic sheet cover, mortar plate with plastic sheet cover, and brooder heating gas. Heating was maintained up to the 21st days of age, beginning with the temperature of 35oC in the first week with a reducing of 3oC by each week. Live weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed:gain ratio and mortality were evaluated. The electric energy and gas expenditures were recorded during all bird heating period in order to compare the different heating systems cost. The heat electric system with mortar structure plate and plastic sheet cover was the most indicated, by promoting good thermal conditions and higher gross margin at the end of the growing period.

QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA EM UMA MICROBACIA DE USO AGRÍCOLA E URBANO EM XANXERÊ – SC.

As atividades humanas que acontecem sobre uma bacia hidrografica influenciam aspectos da qualidade das aguas e pode restringir os possiveis usos do recurso hidrico. Diante disso, foi realizado um trabalho de avaliacao da qualidade da agua do rio Ditinho, localizado em Xanxere - SC, e que serve de manancial de abastecimento para a populacao deste municipio. Preliminarmente, uma caracterizacao da microbacia foi feita mediante um levantamento das atividades desenvolvidas na area urbana e rural. A avaliacao da qualidade da agua foi realizada durante oito meses atraves de coletas de amostras em quatro diferentes estacoes distribuidas ao longo do rio. Os resultados mostraram que a ocupacao e o uso do solo na microbacia sao predominantemente voltados as atividades agropecuarias. Algumas amostras de agua do rio Ditinho apresentaram desconformidade em relacao a legislacao para rios de classe 2 (Conama, 2005), referentes a contaminacao por coliformes termotolerantes (> 1100 UFC/100 mL), nitrogenio amoniacal (6,6 mg/L), turbidez (177 UNT) e pH (5,7). Essas alteracoes registradas na qualidade da agua do rio, em especial na area de nascente, estao associadas ao manejo inadequado de dejetos animais e a intensa ocupacao e uso do solo para a agricultura na microbacia. Palavras-chave : atividades agropecuarias; qualidade da agua; rio Ditinho; abastecimento publico ABSTRACT Water quality in a watershed used for agricultural and urban purposes in Xanxere – Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Anthropomorphic activities that happen on a watershed influence the water quality aspects and may restrict the possible use of hydric resources. Thus, an evaluation of the quality of the water of the Ditinho River in Xanxere – Santa Catarina State, Brazil, was carried out. This river serves as fountainhead for the population of this town. Preliminarily, a characterization of the watershed was carried out through a survey of the activities developed in the urban and rural areas. The water quality evaluation was performed during eight months through samplings at four stations distributed along the river. The results show that the occupation and the use of the soil on the watershed are predominantly turned to farming and cattle raising activities. Some water samples from the Ditinho River were not in agreement with the legislation regarding rivers of class 2 (Conama, 2005) and they showed contamination by thermotolerant coliforms (> 1100 UFC / 100 mL), ammoniacal nitrogen (6.58 mg/L), turbidity (177 UNT), and pH (5.7). Such changes registered in the quality of the river, in special at the source area, are associated to improper management of the animal excrements and the intense occupation and use of the soil for agriculture on the watershed. Keywords: farming and cattle raising activities, water quality, Ditinho river, public supply