Carlos de Melo e Silva Neto

Arborização urbana para mitigação das condições microclimáticas em Goiânia, Goiás

Urban trees can influence from landscape factors to microclimatic, affecting human well-being. This study had as objective to characterize two different sectors in Goiânia, Goias, Brazil and to verify how urban trees influence the microclimate. Two different areas, 1 km long each one, in two avenues from the city (Goias Av. and Planicie Av.). In each area, a census from all trees was conducted and the following variables were measured: temperature (oC), relative humidity (%), wind speed (km/h) and light intensity (lux). Descriptive analysis with absolute and relative frequency of tree species, Mann-Whitney (95%) test for comparing abundance among species, T Test (95%) for microclimate variables comparison among full sun and shaded areas in each one of the avenues and the last procedures were a principal components analysis (PCA) and a correspondence analysis (CCA) to verify the influence of environmental variables between full light and shaded areas. In areas shaded by trees crowns, temperatures, light intensity and wind speed showed lower values than shaded areas, while relative humidity showed higher values in these environments than in places without trees. Urban trees contribute to microclimatic conditions improvement in urban landscapes, positively influencing human well-being in urban centers.

Riqueza e Abundância de Abelhas Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em Parques Urbanos de Goiânia, Goiáse) em parques urbanos de Goiânia, Goiás

portuguesOs ambientes urbanos tem se tornado refugio para muitas especies, entre as quais algumas abelhas da tribo Euglossini. O grupo inclui especies dotadas de grande capacidade de voo, por isso sao consideradas importantes polinizadores neotropicais. Sao escassas informacoes sobre Euglossini no Cerrado, sao incompletas informacoes como a distribuicao geografica, quais sao endemicas e quais sao cosmopolitas. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar a composicao de especies de abelhas da tribo Euglossini ocorrentes em parques urbanos quanto a abundância, riqueza e atratividade atraves da utilizacao de iscas odoriferas. Os exemplares de Euglossini foram coletadas mensalmente no periodo de abril a agosto de 2008, em quatro parques urbanos de Goiânia, Goias. As abelhas foram amostradas com auxilio de armadilhas de cheiro, expostas das 8 horas as 12 horas, contendo uma das essencias: salicilato de metila, acetato de benzila, cineol, vanilina. Foram coletados 147 machos de Euglossini pertencentes a tres generos e cinco especies. Houve uma forte dominância de individuos de Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier (95,23%), seguida por Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus) (2,72%). O Cineol foi a essencia que atraiu a maior abundância de machos e o salicilato de metila apresentou a maior riqueza de especies atraidas. Este estudo constitui o primeiro registro de ocorrencia das especies Exaerete smaragdina (Guerin) e Euglossa imperialis Cockerell para a regiao Centro-Oeste e de Euglossa variabilis Friese para o Cerrado. A preservacao do conjunto dessas areas ira manter as populacoes de abelhas silvestres nestas regioes de importância ecologica, mantendo os servicos de polinizacao das especies de plantas. EnglishUrban environments have become a refuge for many species, including some bees of the tribe Euglossini. The group includes species with large capacity flight, so they are considered important neotropical pollinators. Euglossini is scarce information about the Cerrado, incomplete information like geographic distribution, which are endemic and which are cosmopolitan. This study aimed to identify and analyze the composition of bee species of the tribe Euglossini occurring in urban parks as to abundance, richness and attractiveness through the use of scent baits. The specimens of Euglossini were collected monthly from April to August 2008 in four urban parks in Goiânia, Goias. The bees were sampled with the aid of scent traps, exposed from 8 am to 12 noon, containing one of the essences: salicylate methyl, benzyl acetate, cineole, vanillin. We collected 147 male orchid bees belonging to three genera and five species. There was a strong dominance of individuals Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier (95.23%), followed by Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus) (2.72%). The Cineol was the essence that attracted the greatest abundance of males and methyl salicylate had the highest species richness attracted. This study is the first record of species occurrence of Exaerete smaragdina (Guerin) and Euglossa imperialis Cockerell for the Midwest and Euglossa variabilis Friese for the Cerrado. The preservation of all these areas will keep bee populations of wild these regions ecological importance of maintaining the service pollination of plant species.