Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de Moura

Origem do plexo braquial de mocós (Kerodon rupestris wied, 1820)

Rock cavy, Kerodon rupestris a rodent mammal of the Caviidae family, very similar to the cavy is highly adapted to the conditions of heat, shortage of water and food, mainly during the great droughts periods that periodically devastate the northeastern semi-arid area of Brazil. In the literature a shortage of data is verified regarding the functional anatomy of the rock cavies especially of works that involve the anatomy of the brachial plexus. Aiming at to elucidate the behavior of the brachial plexus of rock cavies and with the purpose of contributing for the development of the compared anatomy, this research was accomplished. Ten animals of different ages were used (nine males and one female) coming from the Wild Animals Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Superior School of Agriculture of Mossoro-ESAM. After the slaughter, bilateral dissection of the brachia plexuses took place, and the results were registered in schematic drawings, and the dispositions grouped in tables for subsequent statistical analysis grounded in the percentile frequency. It was observed that the brachium plexus of rock cavy is the result from established communications, mainly, among the ventral ramus of the last three cervical nerves and of the first two thoracic nerves, having a contribution of the fifth cervical nerve in 35.00% of the cases. In 40.00% of the dissections the most frequent plexus was of the type C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2.

Aspectos macroscópicos e morfométricos dos testículos em catetos e queixadas

Macroscopic and morphometric features of testicles in collared peccary and white-lipped peccary. This work aims to describe the morphometrical aspects on the testicles of the collared peccary and white-lipped peccary. The material derived from the Devaneio Pro-Fauna Farm, Iguape, SP (Reg.1/3593/08480). From 33 white-lipped peccary and 20 collared peccary after the slaughter, the testicles were removed and morphometric information was taken like: length, width and thickness (with the help of a pachymeter). Testicles are oval shaped, located into the pelvic region, laying dorsocaudally and they have intermediary position. The mediastinun testis is in the center of the testis and ends on the capitata extremity. The adult white-lipped peccary has 30.92 ± 3.82 kg in average and 78.89 ± 4.77 cm of length and the young has 22.93 ± 2.07 kg and 71.57 ± 3.95 cm of length. Results obtained show that in the adult white-lipped peccary group, the right testicle measured, in average, length, width and thickness of 5.36 ± 0.64cm, 3.64 ± 0.64cm and 3.30 ± 0.52cm respectively while the left testicles measured, in average, 5.45 ± 0.77cm, 3.68 ± 0.59cm and 3.32 ± 0.54cm. In the young group the testis measured in average 3.20 ± 0.44cm, 2.12 ± 0.26cm and 2.11 ± 0.40cm, to right testis and 3.23 ± 0.47cm, 2.21 ± 0.39cm and 1.99 ± 0.36cm, to left testis, to length, width and thickness, respectively. As per the collared peccary, the right testicles measured, in average, 4.36 ± 0.38cm; 2.74 ± 0.27cm and 2.33 ± 0.46cm respectively for length, width and thickness, when for the left ones measures were 4.19 ± 0.36cm, 2.68 ± 0.31cm and 2.34 ± 0.28cm. The data does not have significative difference (p<0.05) between right and left testicular measurements using the Qui-square test.

Artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal em mocós Kerodon rupestris (Wied, 1820)

In this study about the origin and ramification of the cranial (CrMA) and caudal (CaMA) mesenteric collateral arteries of the rock cavy, 20 animals (18 males and 2 females) of different ages, originated from the Wild Animals Multiplication Center of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido (Cemas/Ufersa), were used. After the natural death, the walls of the abdominal cavity of the animals, in the left antimere, were dissected to cannulate to the aorta in pre-diaphragmatic path. Then they were fixed in 10% formaline and conditioned in order to study their anatomy. The results showed that in 18 animals (90%) the CrMA arose, separately, of the abdominal aorta, soon after the celiac artery (CA), originating, by this time, the middle colic (MCo), caudal pancreaticduodenal (CPD), duodenojejune (DJ), jejune (J) and ileocecocolic (ICeCo) trunk from which derives the ileocecal (ICe) and the right colic (RCo) arteries. In one rock cavy (5%), the CrMA and CA originate from abdominal aorta in a common trunk. In this case the CrMA originated the CPD, MCo, ICeCo, and J. In one observation (5%) CrMA and CaMA appear in common trunk. In this animal, CPD, DJ, ICeCo, MCo and J arteries were originated of the CrMA, while the left colic (LCo) and rectal cranial (RCr) arteries were originated of the CaMA. Regarding the CaMA, in 20 cases (100,00%) it originates the LCo and the rectal cranial arteries.

MC3T3‐E1 Cells Behavior on Surfaces Bombarded by Argon Ions in Planar Cathode Discharge

To evaluate the effect of topography in nanoscale, titanium surfaces were bombarded by argon ions (a chemically inert gas), in an atmosphere of plasma. The effects of surface parameters on morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts differentiation were analyzed. Nontreated (smooth) surfaces were used as a control. The levels of average roughness (Ra) observed in bombarded and smooth titanium surfaces were of 95 and 14u2009nm, respectively. The wettability increased on treated surfaces. The number of attached cells (30 and 60u2009min) was significantly higher on the bombarded surface. The cell proliferation after 3 and 7 days was also significantly higher on the ion-bombarded surface. In addition, the ALP activity and expression of osteocalcin were higher in cells grown on the treated surface. The results showed that bombardment with argon ions increased the roughness and the wettability of the Ti surface, promoting a significant increase in the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of preosteoblasts.

Microvascularization of corpus luteum of bovine treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin

This study aimed to evaluate the morphological changes in microvascular density and corpus luteum (CL) vascularization in cows treated with eCG during stimulatory and superovulatory protocols. Sixteen cows were synchronized and divided into three groups: control (nu2009=u20096), stimulated (nu2009=u20094) and superovulated (n =6), one was submitted to estrous synchronization (ES) and received no eCG (control), and those that were submitted to ES and received eCG before or after follicular deviation (superovulation and stimulation of the dominant follicle, respectively). Ovulation was synchronized using a progesterone device‐based protocol. After six days of ovulation, the cows were slaughtered and the ovaries and CL were collected. The CLs were processed and photomicrographs were taken under light microscopy to assess the vascular volume density (Vv) by stereology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to perform ultrastructural analysis of the microvasculature. The Vv in stimulated and superovulated cows significantly increased (Pu2009≤u20090.0001) when compared to control, indicating that the eCG is able to induce angiogenic activity in bovine CL. However, no significant differences were observed between stimulated and superovulated cows. The SEM demonstrated ratings indicative of angiogenesis, marked by several button‐shaped projections in the capillaries, and the presence of more dilated capillaries in CL treated with eCG. These morphological findings are evidence of an angiogenic effect of the eCG treatment in CL of cows. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:747–753, 2015.

Morfometria do coração e dos vasos da base e sua implicação no mergulho em Chelonia mydas

This study aimed to characterize the morphology of the heart chambers, pulmonary arteries and aortas of Chelonia mydas. Eleven specimens were evaluated from dead C. mydas collected on the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The animals were necropsied to obtain heart, aorta and fragments of the right and left pulmonary vessels. The vessels were fixed in formalin and subjected to histological processing and staining by a modified Verhoff technique. The parameters width, height and base-apex ventricular circumference of the heart were measured with a caliper. In the species the microscopy of pulmonary arteries and aorta varied according to the antimere. The largest relative thickness of Cavum venosum (CV) assists the cardiac output during diving, and its smaller thickness is advantageous for the right ventricular dilation during deep immersion, while the quantification of elastic and muscle fibers of the tunica media of aortas and right and left pulmonary arteries showed that the medial layer of aorta dominates the elastic vs. muscle fibers; however the elastic fibers are not dominating in the pulmonary arteries. The angioarchitecture may be related to the ability to swim, favoring better use of oxygenated blood previously stored during the period of apnea.

Collateral branches of the aortic arch in the greater Rhea (Rhea americana americana Linnaeus, 1758)

The greater rhea ( Rhea americana americana ) is a bird of the Rheidae family, and is known as a ratite for being a flightless bird. This animal has great reproductive and productive potential, according to the products and by-products that it can provide such as meat, leather, feathers and fat which are very popular in the world market. Given its economic importance and lack of information in the literature on its morphology, especially in regard to its cardiovascular apparatus, this study aimed to describe the collateral arteries of the aortic arch, in order to establish the origin and distribution of arteries and thus contribute information to the biology of the species. The bodies of 20 young and adult rheas of both sexes which had died from natural causes and were being stored in a freezer at CEMAS / UFERSA were used. The study was approved by CEUA /UFERSA (Opinion No. 09/2015, process No. 23091.004968 / 2015-23). The animals were thawed and had the cannulated thoracic aorta artery and the vascular system perfused with Neoprene 450 latex colored with yellow pigment. Subsequently, the animals were fixed in 3.7% aqueous solution of formaldehyde, and after 72 hours dissections were carried out, images were obtained and schematic drawings were prepared. The right and left brachiocephalic trunks emerged from the aortic arch in 100% of the specimens from the right brachiocephalic trunk origined a common trunk the thyroid arteries, syringotracheal trunk, vertebral artery, superficial lateral cervical artery, basecervical artery, and ascending esophageal artery. The left brachiocephalic trunk collaterally stemmed in the left common carotid artery, which in turn led to the left internal carotid and a common trunk which stemmed the thyroid arteries, the syringotracheal trunk, vertebral artery, superficial lateral cervical artery, basecervical artery and descending esophageal artery. At the end of its trajectory, the right and left brachiocephalic trunks give rise to the right and left subclavian arteries, which in turn, stem the sternoclavicular, axillary, and intercostal arteries, pectoral trunk, cranial pectoral arteries, pectoral caudal artery and collateral branches of the pectoral trunk. Based on the results, it was concluded that the aortic arch in rheas issued right and left brachycephalic trunks.

Staining of elastic and muscle fibers to morphometric studies in Chelonia mydas

Introduction: The present study aimed to establish the staining protocol for quantification of elastic fibers and muscle fibers in arterial vessels through the Verhoeff method adapted with eosin in Chelonia mydas. Materials and Methods: Aorta and pulmonary arteries of 11 individuals of the species Chelonia mydas were used. The fragments were fixed in formaldehyde solution buffered 10% for 24 hours, subjected to routine histological processing and staining technique to be adapted Verhoeff, take the photografies and analyzed by Image Pro Plus Software. Results: The combination of ferric hematoxylin Verhoeff use blushed black elastic arteries blades, already eosin stained muscle fibers and collagen, allowing the tissue quantification through distinction staining by software. Conclusion: The protocol is a low-cost alternative that facilitate the acquisition of morphometric data for research with turtles.