Carlos Eduardo Domene

p21Waf1/Cip1 Expression Is a Prognostic Marker in Curatively Resected Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, but Not p27Kip1, p53, or Rb

Background: p21Waf1/Cip1 (p21), p27Kip1 (p27), p53, and Rb play critical roles in cell cycle regulation and may influence the clinical behavior of tumors. We examined whether their expression is useful to predict survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC).Methods: Expression of p21, p27, p53, and Rb was studied by the immunohistochemical method in specimens from 62 patients with curatively resected ESC tumors and scored by a computerized image analysis system.Results: The median expression scores of p21, p27, p53, and Rb (14, 12, 27, and 50, respectively) were used as cut-off points to define low and high expression groups for each protein. The 5-year survival rate for the high p21 expression group was 68%; that for the low expression group was 31% (P = .0062). p27, p53, and Rb were not correlated with overall survival. When patients were categorized into four groups based on p21 expression level and lymph node involvement (pN), the survival curves were significantly different (P = .0017). Thus, patients without lymph node involvement but with low p21 expression had survival similar to that of patients with lymph node involvement and high p21 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that age (P = .0102), lymph node involvement (P = .0076), and p21 (P = .0276) were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions: Expression of p21 is an independent prognostic factor in curatively resected ESC. Definition of new subgroups of patients based on p21 expression may help to enhance the stratification of stage.

Extração de fitobezoar gástrico por videolaparoscopia: considerações técnicas originais

Videolaparoscopic surgery has been used for treatment of almost all surgical abdominal diseases, mainly where there are no large ressections, or operative field is limited. In these situations, laparoscopic surgery has the advantages of less morbidity, quick recovery and good cosmetic results. Bezoars removal, or its mobilization, is probably included in these possible proceedings. Three non-laparotomic procedures were described: 1. endoscopic-laparoscopic; 2. videolaparoscopy and mobilization of intestinal bezoar to the cecum; 3. laparoscopy and gastrotomy for bezoar removal, through suprapubic incision or the umbilical punction. There have been only two publications describing the videolaparoscopic method for bezoar removal, and the methods applied can be complications or morbidity related. We describe one case where the applied technique is simple and easy to perform, time saving and probably less complications-related. This technique, with four trocars, utilized a plastic bag besides the stomach to be opened, followed by gastrotomy, bezoar removal and immediate introduction in the plastic bag, suture of gastrotomy and removal through the left subcostal trocar. This technique was feasible and easy to perform, with short operative time, and there were no intra or post-operative complications; the patient was discharged in the second post-operative day, and is without further problems after one year follow-up. We believe that this could be an adequate technique to perform laparoscopic gastric bezoar removal, and the rigid sequence of operative events allows a quick procedure, with minimal contamination. The videolaparoscopy seems to be an adequate access to surgical treatment of gastro-intestinal bezoars, with or without obstruction, and should be the ellected the procedure of choice to begin the surgical treatment, with convertion to laparotomy in case of any intra-operative adversity.

Resultados iniciais da primeira série de casos brasileira de cirurgia bariátrica totalmente robótica

RACIONAL: Atualmente a cirurgia bariatrica e o tratamento mais eficaz para a obesidade morbida. Embora ainda tenha algumas dificuldades, a abordagem laparoscopica tem-se tornando o padrao-ouro para o by-pass gastrico em Y-de-Roux. O uso da robotica representa grande evolucao no campo da cirurgia bariatrica minimamente invasiva e seu uso tem sido cada vez mais difundido. OBJETIVO: Relatar a primeira experiencia brasileira em cirurgia bariatrica totalmente robotica. METODOS: Foram avaliados todos os pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariatrica totalmente robotica em dois centros de excelencia em cirurgia bariatrica. Foram registrados a incidencia demografica, indice de massa corporal, tempos operatorios, duracao da internacao hospitalar, mortalidade e todas as complicacoes em ate 30 dias. As equipes cirurgicas receberam treinamento especifico para aprendizagem da tecnica robotica e todos os procedimentos foram feitos com supervisao. RESULTADOS: O procedimento foi realizado por cinco equipes cirurgicas em 68 pacientes (52 mulheres - 76,5%), com idade media de 40,5 anos e IMC medio de 41,3. O tempo medio operatorio total foi de 158 minutos e a media de permanencia hospitalar foi de 48 h. O percentual de complicacoes perioperatorias foi de 5,9%. Nao houve mortalidade, fistulas ou estenoses. CONCLUSAO: Mesmo com cirurgioes em periodo inicial da curva de aprendizagem, o by-pass gastrico por abordagem totalmente robotica e opcao tecnica segura e reproduzivel no tratamento cirurgico da obesidade morbida, desde que respeitado modelo de treinamento bem estruturado.

Derivação biliopancreática com preservação gástrica videolaparoscópica: sistematização técnica

BACKGROUND: The authors describe a videolaparoscopic technical variation of biliopancreatic diversion, and its rationale, as well as its preliminary results.They operated on 12 female patients, age between 26 and 49 years, BMI range 47,4 and 59,5kg/m2. There were no intraoperative complications; operative time ranged from 2 to 4,5 hours; discharge in the 3rd. postoperative day. Liquid dietetic recommendations in the early period, and normal diet after the first week. One patient was readmmitted after 1 week with abdominal pain because of excessive ingestion of food; there was deep venous trombosis in one patient. Follow-up showed loss of excess weight of 27,4% after four months. Initial results of the described operation sugests it may be a good alternative to morbid obesity surgical treatment; it is strongly required a multidisciplinar pre and postoperative treatment program.

Three port laparoscopic appendectomy technique with low cost and aesthetic advantage

Introduction Despite dating more than 30 years after the first laparoscopic appendectomy, ileocecal appendix resection is still performed by laparotomy in more than 90% of cases, in our country. Aim To describe a technique for laparoscopic removal of the ileocecal appendix with three portals, at low cost and very good aesthetic appearance. Technique Three incisions, one umbilical and two suprapubic are made; permanent material used comprises: grasping forceps, hook, scissors, needle holders, three metal trocars and four other usual instruments, and a single strand of cotton. There is no need to use of operative extractors bags, clips, endoloops, staples or bipolar or harmonic energy instruments. Allows triangulation and instrumentation in the conventional manner. Conclusion The proposed technique is safe and reproducible, easily teachable, at very low cost and can be applied in general hospitals with conventional laparoscopic equipment.

Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR) Robótico: é possível oferecer cirurgia minimamente invasiva para os defeitos complexos da parede abdominal?

We describe the preliminary national experience and the early results of the use of robotic surgery to perform the posterior separation of abdominal wall components by the Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR) technique for the correction of complex defects of the abdominal wall. We performed the procedures between 04/2/2015 and 06/15/2015 and the follow-up time was up to six months, with a minimum of two months. The mean surgical time was five hours and 40 minutes. Two patients required laparoscopic re-intervention, since one developed hernia by peritoneal migration of the mesh and one had mesh extrusion. The procedure proved to be technically feasible, with a still long surgical time. Considering the potential advantages of robotic surgery and those related to TAR and the results obtained when these two techniques are associated, we conclude that they seem to be a good option for the correction of complex abdominal wall defects.

Robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: operative results in 100 patients

Background Laparoscopic gastric bypass is gold-standard for morbid obesity treatment. Aim To describe the results of robotic gastric bypass for morbid obesity patients. Method Were operated on 100 morbidly obese patients through totally robotic gastric bypass between 2013 and 2014. They were 83% female. The age ranged from 20 to 65 years old (medium 48,5 years); the body mass index varied between 38-67 (medium 42,3 kg/cm2). The procedure was designed with 3 cm long gastric pouch, 1 m biliopancreatic limb, 1,2 m alimentary limb, manual or stapled anastomosis. There were four super-super-obese patients and four revisional surgeries. Results Docking time varied from 1 to 20 min (medium 4 min). Console time varied from 40-185 min (medium 105 min). There were no intra operative complications or mortality. There were two lower limb deep venous thrombosis. There was no readmission in the first 30 days. Conclusion Totally robotic gastric bypass is safe and reproduceable, with excellent results even during the initial experience with regular surgeries, revisional surgeries or in super-obese patients. Adequate training may shortens or obviates the learning curve.

Common bile duct stones: analysis of the videolaparoscopic surgical treatment

CONTEXT About 9% of the Brazilian population has gallstones and the incidence increases significantly with aging. The choledocholithiasis is found around 15% of these patients, and a third to half of these cases presented as asymptomatic. Once the lithiasis in the common bile duct is characterized through intraoperative cholangiography, the laparoscopic surgical exploration can be done through the transcystic way or directly through choledochotomy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results and outcomes of the laparoscopic treatment of common bile duct lithiasis. METHODS Seventy consecutive patients were evaluated. They prospectively underwent the treatment of the lithiasis in the common bile duct and the exploration ways were compared according to the following parameters: criteria on their indication, success in the clearance, surgical complications. It was verified that about ½ of the choledocholithiasis carriers did not show any expression of predictive factors (clinical antecedents of jaundice and/or acute pancreatitis, compatible sonographic data and the pertaining lab tests). The laparoscopic exploration through the transcystic way is favored when there are no criteria for the practice of primary choledochotomy, which are: lithiasis in the proximal bile duct, large (over 8 mm) or numerous calculi (multiple calculosis). RESULTS The transcystic way was employed in about 50% of the casuistic and the choledochotomy in about 30%. A high success rate (around 80%) was achieved in the clearance of the common bile duct stones through laparoscopic exploration. The transcystic way, performed without fluoroscopy or choledochoscopy, attained a low rate of success (around 45%), being 10% of those by transpapilar pushing of calculi less than 3 mm. The exploration through choledochotomy, either primary or secondary, if the latter was performed after the transcystic route failure, showed high success rate (around 95%). When the indication to choledochotomy was primary, the necessity for choledochoscopy through choledochotomy to help in the removal of the calculi was 55%. However, when choledochotomy was performed secondarily, in situations where the common bile duct diameter was larger than 6 mm, the use of choledochoscopy with the same purpose involved about 20% of the cases. There was no mortality in this series. CONCLUSION The laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct was related to a low rate of morbidity. Therefore, the use of laparoscopy for the treatment of the lithiasis in the common bile duct depends on the criteria for the choice of the best access, making it a safe procedure with very good results.

Cardiomiectomia com fundoplicatura parcial videolaparoscópica no tratamento do megaesôfago não avançado: estudo de 50 casos

This is a prospective study of 50 patients with non-advanced achalasia treated by videolaparoscopic cardiomyectomy with partial fundoplication. The technical standardization of the operative procedure was evaluated, and the patients studied by clinical evaluation, endoscopy, eletromanometry, radiology and 24 hour pHmetry. The operation was completed laparoscopically in all patients, with no convertion to laparotomy. There were six (12%) intra-operative complications (mucosal perforation, pleural lesion and subcutaneous emphysema), two (4%) immediate post-operative ocurrencies and one (2%) death. There was no late complication. Clinical evaluation showed significant improvement of dysphagia, no regurgitation and weight gain after operation, and excellent and good results were obtained in 97.9% of the patients. In the post-operative period ocurred radiological improvement of esophageal dilatation and less endoscopic esophagitis. The eletromanometry showed significative decrease of lower esophageal sphincter pressure after operation, as well as 24 hour pHmetry verified less esophageal stasis and no gastro-esophageal refluxo There was no difference in the treatment of chagasic or non-chagasic patients. The benefits of laparoscopic surgery were obtained: less pain, early oral intake, short hospitalization and fast return to norma activities.

Técnica de apendicectomia laparoscópica com três portais de baixo custo e benefício estético

ABSTRACT - Introduction : Despite dating more than 30 years after the first laparoscopic appendectomy, ileocecal appendix resection is still performed by laparotomy in more than 90% of cases, in our country . Aim : To describe a technique for laparoscopic removal of the ileocecal appendix with three portals, at low cost and very good aesthetic appearance. Technique : Three incisions, one umbilical and two suprapubic are made; permanent material used comprises: grasping forceps, hook, scissors, needle holders, three metal trocars and four other usual instruments, and a single strand of cotton. There is no need to use of operative extractors bags, clips, endoloops, staples or bipolar or harmonic energy instruments. Allows triangulation and instrumentation in the conventional manner. Conclusion : The proposed technique is safe and reproducible, easily teachable, at very low cost and can be applied in general hospitals with conventional laparoscopic equipment. RESUMO - Introducao : Apesar de datar mais de 30 anos da primeira apendicectomia videolaparoscopica, a apendicectomia ainda e realizada por laparotomia em mais de 90% dos casos em nosso pais.